Xyoo 1955, Jilin Carbon Factory, Tuam Tshoj thawj lub tuam txhab graphite electrode, tau raug tso tawm ua haujlwm nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm lub tebchaws Soviet yav dhau los. Hauv keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm graphite electrode, muaj ob lub cim Suav.
Graphite electrode, cov khoom siv graphite uas tiv taus kub siab, muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo heev ntawm kev coj tam sim no thiab tsim hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim khoomhlau.
Vim tias cov khoom lag luam nce siab, xyoo no cov graphite electrode tsis tau poob qis. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm kev ua lag luam graphite electrode yog 21393 yuan / ton,nce mus txog 51%los ntawm tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, tus kwv tij loj hauv tsev graphite electrode (kev lag luam ntawm ntau dua 20%) - Fang Da carbon (600516) hauv peb lub hlis thawj zaug ntawm lub xyoo no cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm 3.57 billion yuan, kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 37%, rov qab mus rau niam cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm 118%. Qhov kev ua tiav zoo kawg no tau nyiam ntau dua 30 lub koom haum los tshawb nrhiav hauv lub lim tiam dhau los, ntawm cov uas muaj ntau lub tuam txhab loj hauv pej xeem xws li Efonda thiab Harvest.
Thiab cov phooj ywg uas tau them sai rau kev lag luam fais fab txhua tus paub tias nyob rau hauv lub nrig hlau ntawm lub tuam tsev kev siv hluav taws xob ob chav tswj hwm, kev siv hluav taws xob siab thiab kev lag luam muaj kuab paug siab tau tso tseg kev tsim khoom thiab kaw. Cov chaw ua haujlwm hlau ua ob chav siab kuj yuav tsum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Hebei hlau thiab hlau xeev yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Raws li qhov tseeb, tsawg dua hlau tsim, qhov kev thov rau graphite electrode kuj yuav poob qis, nrog rau cov ntiv taw tuaj yeem xav txog, graphite electrode nqi yuav tsum poob ah.
1. Yog tsis muaj cov graphite electrodes, cov electric arc furnaces yeej tsis ua haujlwm
Yog xav nkag siab ntxiv txog graphite electrodes, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhib lub saw hlau kev lag luam kom pom me ntsis. Upstream, graphite electrode rau roj av coke, koob coke ob yam khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ua cov khoom siv raw, los ntawm 11 txoj kev npaj ua tiav,1 tuj ntawm graphite electrode xav tau 1.02 tons ntawm cov khoom siv raw, lub voj voog ntau lawm ntawm ntau tshaj 50 hnub, cov nqi khoom siv suav rau ntau tshaj 65%.
Raws li kuv tau hais lawm, cov hluav taws xob graphite ua hluav taws xob. Raws li qhov ceev tam sim no uas tso cai, cov hluav taws xob graphite tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau yam:lub zog tsis tu ncua, lub zog siab thiab lub zog siab heevcov hluav taws xob graphite. Cov hluav taws xob sib txawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg sib txawv.
Hauv qab tus dej, cov graphite electrodes siv rau hauv cov cub tawg arc, cov silicon kev lag luam thiabphosphorus dajkev tsim khoom, kev tsim khoom hlau feem ntau suav txog li80%ntawm tag nrho kev siv cov graphite electrodes, tus nqi tsis ntev los no feem ntau yog vim kev lag luam hlau. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov hlau EAF ultra-high power nrog kev ua tau zoo dua, graphite electrodes kuj tseem tab tom txhim kho mus rau ultra-high power, uas muaj kev ua tau zoo dua li lub zog ib txwm muaj. Leej twg yog tus tswv ntawmultra siab zog graphite electrodethev naus laus zis, leej twg yuav ua tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam yav tom ntej. Tam sim no, 10 lub tuam txhab tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob graphite ultra-high power thoob ntiaj teb suav txog li 44.4% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm cov hluav taws xob graphite ultra-high power hauv ntiaj teb. Kev ua lag luam muaj ntau qhov sib txawv, thiab lub tebchaws tseem ceeb yog Nyiv Pooj.
Yuav kom nkag siab zoo dua cov hauv qab no, ntawm no yog kev qhia luv luv txog txoj hauv kev ua hlau. Feem ntau hais lus, hlau thiab hlau smelting yog muab faib ualub cub tawgthiabhluav taws xob arc cub tawg: tus qub yuav yog hlau ore, coke thiab lwm yam hlau npua smelting, thiab tom qab ntawd ntau cov pa oxygen blowing converter, cov hlau molten decarbonization rau hauv cov kua hlau steelmaking. Tus lwm yam siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab thermal zoo heev ntawm graphite electrodes los yaj cov hlau seem thiab ua rau nws mus rau hauv hlau.
Yog li ntawd, graphite electrode rau EAF steel ua, zoo li PVDF rau lithium anode, qhov xav tau tsis ntau (1 tuj ntawm cov hlau siv tsuas yog 1.2-2.5kg graphite electrode), tab sis nws yeej ua tsis tau yog tsis muaj nws. Thiab yuav tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv sai sai no.
2. Ob lub carbon ib qho hluav taws, nchuav tawm lub peev xwm graphite electrode
Tsis yog tsuas yog hlau xwb, kev tsim cov graphite electrode kuj yog kev lag luam siv hluav taws xob ntau thiab muaj pa phem ntau, kev nthuav dav ntawm lub peev xwm yav tom ntej tsis zoo. Kev tsim ib tuj ntawm graphite electrode siv li 1.7 tons ntawm cov thee txheem, thiab yog tias hloov mus rau 2.66 tons ntawm carbon dioxide ib tuj ntawm cov thee txheem, ib tuj ntawm graphite electrode tso tawm li 4.5 tons ntawm carbon dioxide rau huab cua. Inner Mongolia tsis pom zoo rau qhov project graphite electrode xyoo no yog ib qho pov thawj zoo.
Tsav los ntawm lub hom phiaj carbon ob npaug thiab lub ntsiab lus ntsuab, cov zis txhua xyoo ntawm graphite electrodes kuj poob qis thawj zaug hauv plaub xyoos. Xyoo 2017, kev lag luam hlau eAF thoob ntiaj teb rov zoo, tsav qhov kev thov rau graphite electrode, cov neeg ua si graphite electrode tau nce kev tsim khoom thiab kev nthuav dav peev xwm, Graphite electrode hauv Suav teb txij xyoo 2017 txog 2019 tau qhia txog kev loj hlob siab.
Lub voj voog hu ua, yog upstream noj nqaij, downstream noj noodles.
Vim yog kev nqis peev ntau dhau thiab kev tsim cov graphite electrode hauv kev lag luam, ua rau muaj ntau yam khoom hauv kev ua lag luam, qhib txoj hauv kev poob qis ntawm kev lag luam, kev tshem tawm cov khoom muag tau dhau los ua lub suab paj nruag tseem ceeb. Xyoo 2020, tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm thoob ntiaj teb graphite electrode tau txo qis los ntawm 340,000 tons, poob qis txog li 22%, Tuam Tshoj cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm graphite electrode kuj tau txo qis los ntawm 800,000 tons mus rau 730,000 tons, xyoo no cov khoom tsim tawm tiag tiag tsuas yog yuav txo qis xwb.
Muaj ib hmos rov qab ua ntej kev ywj pheej.
Lub peev xwm tsim khoom tsis nce, tsis muaj nyiaj (cov nyiaj tau los qis), cov nqi khoom siv raw nce. Petroleum coke, koob coke tsis ntev los no ib lub lim tiam nce 300-600 yuan / ton. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm peb yam ua rau cov neeg ua si graphite tsuas muaj ib txoj kev xaiv, uas yog nce nqi. Cov khoom siv graphite electrode zoo tib yam, muaj zog siab, muaj zog siab heev ua rau tus nqi nce. Raws li daim ntawv tshaj tawm Baichuan Yingfu, txawm tias tus nqi nce, kev lag luam graphite electrode hauv Suav teb tseem tsis txaus, qee lub tuam txhab tsim khoom yuav luag tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam graphite electrode, tus nqi ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv nce.
3. Kev hloov pauv hlau, rau graphite electrode qhib qhov chaw xav
Yog tias kev txwv ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov nqi nce siab thiab kev tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog cov tsav tsheb tom qab tus nqi nce ntawm cov electrodes graphite tom qab lub voj voog qis tshaj plaws, kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam hlau qhib kev xav rau yav tom ntej tus nqi nce ntawm cov electrodes graphite siab.
Tam sim no, kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov hlau nyoos hauv tebchaws tau los ntawm lub cub tawg hlau (coke), uas muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau. Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nrog rau lub tebchaws cov kev xav tau ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhim kho lub peev xwm hlau, kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev txo cov pa roj carbon, qee cov chaw tsim khoom hlau tau hloov los ntawm lub cub tawg hlau mus rau lub cub hluav taws xob arc. Cov cai tseem ceeb tau tshaj tawm xyoo tas los kuj tau taw qhia tias cov hlau tsim tawm ntawm lub cub hluav taws xob arc suav txog ntau dua 15% ntawm tag nrho cov hlau nyoos, thiab siv zog ua tiav 20%. Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, vim tias graphite electrode tseem ceeb heev rau lub cub hluav taws xob arc, nws kuj tsis ncaj qha txhim kho cov kev xav tau zoo ntawm graphite electrode.
Nws tsis yog tsis muaj laj thawj uas yuav tsum tau txhim kho qhov feem pua ntawm EAF hlau. Tsib xyoos dhau los, lub ntiaj teb hluav taws xob arc cua sov hlau tsim feem pua ntawm cov hlau nyoos tsim tau txog 25.2%, Tebchaws Meskas, European Union 27 lub tebchaws yog 62.7%, 39.4%, peb lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv thaj chaw no ntawm kev nce qib muaj ntau qhov chaw, yog li ntawd kom txhawb nqa qhov kev thov graphite electrode.
Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem kwv yees tau yooj yim tias yog tias cov zis ntawm EAF hlau suav txog li 20% ntawm tag nrho cov zis ntawm cov hlau nyoos hauv xyoo 2025, thiab cov zis ntawm cov hlau nyoos raug suav raws li 800 lab tons / xyoo, Tuam Tshoj qhov kev thov graphite electrode hauv xyoo 2025 yog li 750,000 tons. Frost Sullivan kwv yees tias tsawg kawg yog lub quarter thib plaub ntawm lub xyoo no tseem muaj qee qhov chaw khiav.
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov graphite electrode nce sai, txhua yam nyob ntawm txoj siv hluav taws xob arc furnace.
4. Los sau ua ke
Xaus lus, graphite electrode muaj cov khoom muaj zog tsis tu ncua, thiab nws cov xwm txheej siv yooj yim heev, uas cuam tshuam los ntawm kev lag luam hlau qis. Tom qab kev nce qib ntawm xyoo 2017 txog 2019, nws tau poob qis xyoo tas los. Xyoo no, nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm kev txwv tsis pub tsim khoom, cov nyiaj tau los tsawg thiab tus nqi siab, tus nqi ntawm graphite electrode tau poob qis thiab tus nqi ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv nce.
Yav tom ntej, nrog rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntsuab thiab qis-carbon ntawm kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau, EAF hlau yuav dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb catalyst los tsav qhov kev nce ntawm graphite electrode thov, tab sis kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhim kho yuav yog ib qho txheej txheem ntev. Cov nqi nce siab rau graphite electrodes tej zaum yuav tsis yooj yim ua luaj.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-08-2021