I. Yuav ua li cas cais cov recarburizers
Carburizers tuaj yeem faib ua plaub yam raws li lawv cov khoom siv raw.
1. Artificial graphite
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv graphite yog hmoov zoo calcined roj av coke, uas asphalt ntxiv raws li cov ntaub ntawv, thiab ib qho me me ntawm lwm cov khoom siv ntxiv. Tom qab ntau yam khoom siv raw sib xyaw ua ke, lawv raug nias thiab tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd kho hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj oxidizing ntawm 2500-3000 ° C kom lawv graphitized. Tom qab kev kho kub kub, cov hmoov tshauv, sulfur thiab roj cov ntsiab lus tau txo qis heev.
Vim yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom siv graphite, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog graphite recarburizers feem ntau siv hauv cov chaw tsim khoom yog cov ntaub ntawv siv dua tshiab xws li chips, khib nyiab electrodes thiab graphite blocks thaum tsim graphite electrodes kom txo cov nqi tsim khoom.
Thaum smelting ductile hlau, thiaj li yuav ua rau metallurgical zoo ntawm cam khwb cia hlau siab, dag graphite yuav tsum yog thawj xaiv rau lub recarburizer.
2. Petroleum coke
Petroleum coke yog siv dav siv recarburizer.
Petroleum coke yog cov khoom lag luam uas tau los ntawm kev ua kom cov roj crude. Cov khoom seem thiab cov roj av tau los ntawm distillation nyob rau hauv ib txwm siab los yog nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov roj crude yuav siv tau raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv rau zus tau tej cov roj av coke, thiab ces ntsuab petroleum coke yuav tau tom qab coking. Kev tsim cov roj av ntsuab coke yog kwv yees li ntawm 5% ntawm cov roj crude siv. Kev tsim txhua xyoo ntawm cov roj av coke hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog kwv yees li 30 lab tons. Cov ntsiab lus impurity nyob rau hauv ntsuab petroleum coke yog siab, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha los ua recarburizer, thiab yuav tsum tau calcined ua ntej.
Raw petroleum coke muaj nyob rau hauv daim txhuam cev zoo li, koob zoo li, granular thiab kua dej.
Sponge petroleum coke yog npaj los ntawm kev ncua sijhawm coking. Vim nws cov sulfur siab thiab cov ntsiab lus hlau, nws feem ntau yog siv los ua roj thaum lub sij hawm calcination, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua raw khoom rau calcined petroleum coke. Lub calcined daim txhuam cev coke yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam txhuas thiab ua recarburizer.
Needle petroleum coke yog npaj los ntawm kev ncua sijhawm coking nrog cov ntaub ntawv raw nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab cov ntsiab lus tsawg ntawm impurities. Cov coke no muaj cov qauv zoo li rab koob yooj yim, qee zaum hu ua graphite coke, thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua graphite electrodes tom qab calcination.
Granular petroleum coke yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov granules nyuaj thiab yog tsim los ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv nrog siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm leej faj thiab asphaltene los ntawm ncua coking txoj kev, thiab mas yog siv los ua roj.
Fluidized petroleum coke yog tau los ntawm kev sib txuas txuas ntxiv hauv lub txaj fluidized.
Lub calcination ntawm roj av coke yog tshem tawm sulfur, noo noo, thiab volatiles. Calcination ntawm ntsuab petroleum coke ntawm 1200-1350 ° C tuaj yeem ua rau nws cov pa roj carbon ntau heev.
Cov neeg siv loj tshaj plaws ntawm calcined petroleum coke yog kev lag luam txhuas, 70% ntawm cov khoom siv los ua cov anodes uas txo cov bauxite. Kwv yees li 6% ntawm calcined roj av coke ua nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas yog siv rau cam khwb cia hlau recarburizers.
3. Ntuj graphite
Ntuj graphite tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: flake graphite thiab microcrystalline graphite.
Microcrystalline graphite muaj cov hmoov tshauv siab thiab feem ntau tsis siv los ua recarburizer rau cam khwb cia hlau.
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm flake graphite: siab carbon flake graphite yuav tsum tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj, los yog rhuab mus rau high kub kom decompose thiab volatilize cov oxides nyob rau hauv nws. Cov hmoov tshauv hauv graphite yog siab, yog li nws tsis tsim nyog siv los ua recarburizer; nruab nrab carbon graphite feem ntau yog siv los ua recarburizer, tab sis tus nqi tsis ntau.
4. Carbon Coke thiab Anthracite
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking, coke los yog anthracite yuav muab ntxiv raws li ib tug recarburizer thaum them. Vim nws cov hmoov tshauv siab thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis haum, induction rauv smelting cam khwb cia hlau tsis tshua muaj siv los ua recarburizer.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev saib xyuas ntau dua yog them rau kev siv cov peev txheej, thiab cov nqi ntawm npua hlau thiab coke nce ntxiv, ua rau muaj kev nce nqi ntawm castings. Ntau thiab ntau cov foundries pib siv hluav taws xob rauv los hloov cov tsoos cupola melting. Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 2011, lub rooj sib tham me me thiab nruab nrab ntawm peb lub Hoobkas kuj tau txais cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob rau hluav taws xob los hloov cov txheej txheem cupola cov txheej txheem. Kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob smelting tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txo cov nqi, tab sis kuj txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tab sis hom recarburizer siv thiab cov txheej txheem carburizing ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
II.Yuav siv recarburiz uayog nyob rau hauv induction rauv smelting
1. Lub ntsiab hom ntawm recarburizers
Muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv siv los ua cov hlau cam khwb cia hlau recarburizers, feem ntau siv yog cov khoom siv graphite, calcined petroleum coke, ntuj graphite, coke, anthracite, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no.
(1) Artificial graphite Ntawm ntau yam recarburizers tau hais los saum no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv graphite. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv graphite yog hmoov zoo calcined roj av coke, uas asphalt ntxiv raws li cov ntaub ntawv, thiab ib qho me me ntawm lwm cov khoom siv ntxiv. Tom qab ntau yam khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, lawv raug nias thiab tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd kho hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj oxidizing ntawm 2500-3000 ° C kom lawv graphitized. Tom qab kev kho kub kub, cov hmoov tshauv, sulfur thiab roj cov ntsiab lus tau txo qis heev. Yog tias tsis muaj roj av coke calcined ntawm qhov kub thiab txias lossis tsis txaus calcination, qhov zoo ntawm cov recarburizer yuav raug cuam tshuam loj heev. Yog li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm recarburizer feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qib ntawm graphitization. Ib tug zoo recarburizer muaj graphitic carbon (mas feem) Ntawm 95% mus rau 98%, cov ntsiab lus sulfur yog 0.02% mus rau 0.05%, thiab cov ntsiab lus nitrogen yog (100 txog 200) × 10-6.
(2) Petroleum coke yog siv dav siv recarburizer. Petroleum coke yog ib yam khoom uas tau los ntawm refining crude roj. Cov khoom seem thiab cov roj av tau los ntawm kev siv lub siab tsis tu ncua lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm cov roj av tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov roj av coke. Tom qab coking, raw roj av coke tuaj yeem tau. Cov ntsiab lus yog siab thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha raws li recarburizer, thiab yuav tsum tau calcined ua ntej.
(3) Ntuj graphite tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: flake graphite thiab microcrystalline graphite. Microcrystalline graphite muaj cov hmoov tshauv siab thiab feem ntau tsis siv los ua recarburizer rau cam khwb cia hlau. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm flake graphite: siab carbon flake graphite yuav tsum tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj, los yog rhuab mus rau high kub kom decompose thiab volatilize cov oxides nyob rau hauv nws. Cov hmoov tshauv nyob rau hauv graphite yog siab thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los ua recarburizer. Nruab nrab carbon graphite feem ntau yog siv los ua recarburizer, tab sis tus nqi tsis ntau.
(4) Carbon Coke thiab anthracite Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm induction rauv smelting, coke los yog anthracite yuav muab ntxiv raws li ib tug recarburizer thaum them. Vim nws cov hmoov tshauv siab thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis haum, induction rauv smelting cam khwb cia hlau tsis tshua muaj siv los ua recarburizer. , Tus nqi ntawm no recarburizer yog tsawg, thiab nws belongs rau qib qis recarburizer.
2. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm carburization ntawm molten hlau
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem smelting ntawm hluavtaws cam khwb cia hlau, vim muaj ntau ntawm cov seem ntxiv thiab cov ntsiab lus C tsawg hauv cov hlau molten, carburizer yuav tsum tau siv los ua kom cov pa roj carbon ntau. Cov pa roj carbon uas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub recarburizer muaj ib tug melting kub ntawm 3727 ° C thiab tsis tuaj yeem yaj ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov hlau molten. Yog li ntawd, cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv lub recarburizer feem ntau yog yaj nyob rau hauv lub molten hlau los ntawm ob txoj kev ntawm dissolution thiab diffusion. Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm graphite recarburizer hauv molten hlau yog 2.1%, graphite tuaj yeem ncaj qha yaj hauv cov hlau molten. Qhov kev daws teeb meem ncaj qha ntawm cov tsis-graphite carbonization yeej tsis muaj nyob, tab sis nrog lub sijhawm dhau los, carbon maj mam diffuses thiab yaj hauv cov hlau molten. Rau recarburization ntawm cam khwb cia hlau smelted los ntawm induction rauv, qhov recarburization tus nqi ntawm crystalline graphite recarburization yog ho siab dua cov uas tsis yog-graphite recarburizers.
Cov kev sim qhia tau hais tias kev sib cais ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv cov hlau molten yog tswj los ntawm cov pa roj carbon loj hloov mus rau hauv cov kua ciam txheej ntawm cov khoom siv. Sib piv cov txiaj ntsig tau txais nrog coke thiab thee particles nrog cov txiaj ntsig tau txais nrog graphite, nws pom tau tias qhov sib txawv thiab kev sib cais ntawm graphite recarburizers hauv cov hlau molten yog qhov nrawm dua li cov coke thiab thee particles. Ib feem yaj ntawm coke thiab coal particle kuaj tau soj ntsuam los ntawm electron microscope, thiab nws tau pom tias ib txheej nplaum nplaum nplaum tau tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov qauv, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau lawv cov diffusion thiab dissolution kev ua tau zoo hauv molten hlau.
3. Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm carbon nce
(1) Kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov recarburizer Qhov nqus ntawm cov recarburizer nyob ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev sib cais thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov recarburizer thiab tus nqi ntawm oxidation poob. Feem ntau, cov khoom ntawm recarburizer yog me me, qhov kev sib cais ceev ceev, thiab qhov poob ceev yog loj; cov carburizer hais yog loj, lub dissolution ceev yog qeeb, thiab qhov poob ceev yog me me. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov loj me me ntawm lub recarburizer yog cuam tshuam nrog txoj kab uas hla thiab lub peev xwm ntawm lub cub tawg. Feem ntau, thaum txoj kab uas hla thiab lub peev xwm ntawm lub cub tawg loj, qhov me me ntawm lub recarburizer yuav tsum loj dua; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov me me ntawm cov recarburizer yuav tsum me dua.
(2) Kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus nqi ntawm recarburizer ntxiv Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm ib tug tej yam kub thiab tib yam tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov saturated concentration ntawm carbon nyob rau hauv lub molten hlau yog tej yam. Nyob rau hauv ib qho degree ntawm saturation, qhov ntau recarburizer ntxiv, lub sij hawm ntev yuav tsum tau rau dissolution thiab diffusion, ntau dua qhov sib txuam poob, thiab qhov qis dua qhov nqus.
(3) Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov nqus ntawm cov recarburizer Raws li txoj cai, qhov kub ntawm cov hlau molten ntau dua, qhov zoo dua rau kev nqus thiab tawg ntawm cov recarburizer. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub recarburizer yog qhov nyuaj rau yaj, thiab tus nqi nqus recarburizer txo qis. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum qhov kub ntawm cov hlau molten yog siab dhau lawm, txawm hais tias lub recarburizer yog qhov yuav tsum tau yaj tag nrho, qhov kub ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide yuav nce ntxiv, uas yuav ua rau kom txo qis hauv cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab txo qis hauv tag nrho. absorption tus nqi ntawm recarburizer. Feem ntau, thaum lub molten hlau kub nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1460 thiab 1550 ° C, qhov nqus efficiency ntawm lub recarburizer yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
(4) Kev cuam tshuam ntawm molten hlau nplawm rau ntawm qhov nqus ntawm recarburizer Stirring yog qhov zoo rau kev tawg thiab tawg ntawm cov pa roj carbon, thiab zam cov recarburizer ntab rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau molten thiab raug hlawv. Ua ntej lub recarburizer yog yaj tag, lub sij hawm stirring yog ntev thiab tus nqi nqus yog siab. Stirring kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm tuav carbonization, txo lub voj voog ntau lawm, thiab tsis txhob hlawv cov hlau alloying hauv cov hlau molten. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub sijhawm nplawm ntev dhau lawm, nws tsis yog tsuas yog muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov cub, tab sis kuj ua rau cov pa roj carbon ntau hauv cov hlau molten tom qab lub recarburizer yaj. Yog li ntawd, qhov tsim nyog stirring lub sij hawm ntawm molten hlau yuav tsum tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias lub recarburizer yog kiag li yaj.
(5) Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau molten ntawm qhov nqus ntawm cov recarburizer Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau hauv cov hlau molten yog siab, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txwv solubility, qhov nqus ntawm cov recarburizer qeeb, qhov nqus tau me me. , thiab qhov kub hnyiab yog qhov loj heev. Lub recarburizer nqus tus nqi yog tsawg. Qhov txawv yog qhov tseeb thaum thawj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau molten tsawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, silicon thiab sulfur hauv molten hlau cuam tshuam qhov nqus ntawm carbon thiab txo qhov nqus ntawm recarburizers; thaum manganese pab nqus carbon thiab txhim kho tus nqi nqus ntawm recarburizers. Hais txog qib ntawm kev cuam tshuam, silicon yog qhov loj tshaj plaws, ua raws li manganese, thiab carbon thiab sulfur muaj tsawg zog. Yog li ntawd, hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tiag tiag, manganese yuav tsum tau ntxiv ua ntej, tom qab ntawd carbon, thiab tom qab ntawd silicon.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-04-2022