Abstract:tus kws sau tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov koob coke ntau lawm thiab noj cov xwm txheej hauv peb lub tebchaws, qhov kev cia siab ntawm nws daim ntawv thov hauv graphite electrode thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo electrode kev lag luam kev cia siab, los kawm txog cov roj koob coke txoj kev loj hlob, suav nrog cov khoom siv raw khoom tsis txaus, qhov zoo. tsis siab, ntev lub voj voog thiab overcapacity daim ntawv thov kev soj ntsuam, nce cov khoom segmentation kev tshawb fawb, daim ntawv thov, kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, xws li kev koom tes kev tshawb fawb los tsim high-end kev ua lag luam.
Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw, rab koob coke tuaj yeem muab faib ua roj koob coke thiab thee koob coke. Roj koob coke yog tsim los ntawm FCC slurry los ntawm refining, hydrodesulfurization, ncua coking thiab calcination. Cov txheej txheem yog qhov nyuaj thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus siab. Koob coke muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau, tsis tshua muaj sulfur, tsis tshua muaj nitrogen, tsawg tshauv thiab lwm yam, thiab muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab tom qab graphitization. Nws yog ib hom anisotropic high-end carbon cov khoom uas yooj yim graphitization.
Koob coke yog tsuas yog siv rau ultra siab zog graphite electrode, thiab lithium ion roj teeb cathode cov ntaub ntawv, raws li lub "carbon ncov", "carbon nruab nrab" lub hom phiaj, lub teb chaws tseem txhawb cov hlau thiab hlau thiab nws pib kev lag luam transformation thiab upgrading ntawm industrial qauv. kev hloov kho thiab txhawb kev siv lub zog txuag qis carbon thiab ntsuab ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv thev naus laus zis, los txhawb cov hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking thiab kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub zog tshiab tsheb, Qhov kev thov rau rab koob coke kuj loj hlob sai. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev lag luam downstream ntawm koob coke tseem yuav muaj kev vam meej. Lub ntsiab lus no txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev cia siab ntawm koob coke hauv graphite electrode thiab cov khoom siv anode, thiab tso rau pem hauv ntej cov kev cov nyom thiab cov kev ntsuas rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koob coke kev lag luam.
1. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab ntws kev taw qhia ntawm koob coke
1.1 Kev tsim cov koob coke
Kev tsim cov koob coke feem ntau yog tsom rau ob peb lub tebchaws xws li Tuam Tshoj, Tebchaws Meskas, Tebchaws Askiv, Kaus Lim Qab Teb thiab Nyij Pooj. Nyob rau hauv 2011, lub ntiaj teb no ntau lawm muaj peev xwm ntawm koob coke yog hais txog 1200 kt / a, ntawm uas Tuam Tshoj lub peev xwm ntau lawm yog 250 kt / a, thiab tsuas muaj plaub lub koob coke manufacturers Suav teb. Los ntawm 2021, raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm Sinfern Cov Ntaub Ntawv, lub ntiaj teb no muaj peev xwm ntawm koob coke yuav nce mus txog 3250 kt / a, thiab cov peev txheej ntawm koob coke hauv Suav teb yuav nce mus txog 2240 kt / a, suav txog 68.9% ntawm lub ntiaj teb. muaj peev xwm ntau lawm, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm Suav koob coke manufacturers yuav nce mus rau 21.
Table 1 qhia tau hais tias lub peev xwm ntau lawm ntawm 10 koob coke manufacturers nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nrog rau tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm ntawm 2130kt / a, accounting rau 65.5% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntau lawm muaj peev xwm. Los ntawm kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntau lawm muaj peev xwm ntawm koob coke tuam txhab, roj series koob coke manufacturers feem ntau muaj ib tug kuj loj teev, qhov nruab nrab zus tau tej cov peev xwm ntawm ib tsob nroj yog 100 ~ 200kt / a, thee series koob coke muaj peev xwm tsuas yog hais txog 50kT / a. a.
Nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, lub ntiaj teb no koob coke muaj peev xwm yuav nce ntxiv, tab sis feem ntau yog los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev npaj thiab nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho koob coke muaj peev xwm ntau lawm yog hais txog 430kT / a, thiab cov xwm txheej overcapacity yog ntxiv. Sab nraum Suav teb, rab koob coke muaj peev xwm nyob ruaj khov, nrog rau Russia lub OMSK refinery npaj tsim 38kt / ib rab koob coke unit hauv 2021.
Daim duab 1 qhia txog kev tsim cov koob coke hauv Suav teb hauv 5 xyoo tsis ntev los no. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 1, koob coke ntau lawm hauv Suav teb tau ua tiav kev loj hlob tawg, nrog kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 45% hauv 5 xyoos. Xyoo 2020, tag nrho cov koob tshuaj coke hauv Suav teb tau nce mus txog 517kT, suav nrog 176kT ntawm cov thee series thiab 341kT ntawm cov roj series.
1.2 Import koob coke
Daim duab 2 qhia txog qhov xwm txheej ntshuam ntawm koob coke hauv Suav teb hauv 5 xyoo tsis ntev los no. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 2, ua ntej qhov kev tiv thaiv COVID-19, qhov ntim ntawm cov koob coke hauv Suav teb tau nce ntau, nce mus txog 270kT hauv 2019, cov ntaub ntawv siab. Xyoo 2020, vim muaj tus nqi siab ntawm cov koob coke tuaj txawv teb chaws, txo qis kev sib tw, cov khoom muag chaw nres nkoj loj, thiab suav nrog kev sib kis tsis tu ncua hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas, Tuam Tshoj tus ntshuam ntim ntawm koob coke xyoo 2020 tsuas yog 132kt, nqis 51%. xyoo rau xyoo. Raws li kev txheeb cais, nyob rau hauv koob coke imported nyob rau hauv 2020, roj koob coke yog 27.5kT, nqis 82.93% xyoo rau xyoo; Coal ntsuas koob coke 104.1kt, 18.26% ntau dua xyoo tas los, qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog vim li cas kev thauj mus los ntawm Nyiv thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib kis, qhov thib ob, tus nqi ntawm qee yam khoom los ntawm Nyiv thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb yog qis dua li. ntawm cov khoom zoo sib xws hauv Suav teb, thiab kev txiav txim qis qis yog qhov loj.
1.3 Daim ntawv thov kev taw qhia ntawm koob coke
Koob coke yog ib hom high-end carbon cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog tsuas yog siv los ua raw khoom rau zus tau tej cov ultra-siab zog graphite electrode thiab dag graphite anode cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv thov teb yog hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking thiab lub zog roj teeb rau lub zog tshiab.
FIG. 3 qhia txog daim ntawv thov sib txawv ntawm koob coke hauv Suav teb hauv 5 xyoo tsis ntev los no. Graphite electrode yog daim ntawv thov loj tshaj plaws, thiab qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev thov nkag mus rau theem qis, thaum cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo electrode tseem loj hlob sai. Xyoo 2020, tag nrho kev noj koob tshuaj coke hauv Suav teb (suav nrog cov khoom muag) yog 740kT, ntawm 340kT ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo thiab 400kt ntawm graphite electrode tau noj, suav txog 45% ntawm kev noj cov khoom tsis zoo.
2.1 Kev txhim kho ntawm eAF steelmaking
Kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon emissions hauv Suav teb. Muaj ob txoj kev tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau thiab hlau: tawg rauv thiab hluav taws xob arc rauv. Ntawm lawv, hluav taws xob arc rauv steelmaking tuaj yeem txo cov pa roj carbon emissions los ntawm 60%, thiab tuaj yeem paub txog kev rov ua dua ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab txo cov kev cia siab ntawm cov hlau ore ntshuam. Kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau tau thov kom ua tus thawj coj hauv kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm "carbon ncov" thiab "carbon neutrality" los ntawm 2025. Raws li kev taw qhia ntawm lub teb chaws hlau thiab hlau txoj cai kev lag luam steel, yuav muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag steel los hloov. converter thiab blast furnace steel nrog hluav taws xob arc rauv.
Xyoo 2020, Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv hlau tsis zoo yog 1054.4mt, ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm eAF steel yog kwv yees li 96Mt, suav txog tsuas yog 9.1% ntawm tag nrho cov hlau crude, piv nrog 18% ntawm lub ntiaj teb nruab nrab, 67% ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, 39. % ntawm European Union, thiab 22% ntawm Nyiv EAF steel, muaj chav zoo rau kev vam meej. Raws li cov qauv ntawm "Kev Taw Qhia Txog Kev Txhim Kho Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Hlau thiab Hlau Kev Lag Luam" tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Ministry of Industry thiab Information Technology thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31, 2020, qhov feem pua ntawm eAF steel tso tawm hauv tag nrho cov khoom siv roj av yuav tsum tau nce mus rau 15. % ~ 20% los ntawm 2025. Qhov nce ntawm eAF steel ntau lawm yuav ua rau kom qhov kev thov rau ultra-siab zog graphite electrodes. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm domestic hluav taws xob arc rauv yog high-end thiab loj-scale, uas tso rau pem hauv ntej ib tug ntau dua thov rau loj specification thiab ultra-siab zog graphite electrode.
2.2 Ntau lawm txheej txheem ntawm graphite electrode
Graphite electrode yog ib qho tseem ceeb siv tau rau eAF steelmaking. Daim duab 4 qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm ntau lawm thiab tso zis ntawm graphite electrode hauv Suav teb hauv 5 xyoo tsis ntev los no. Lub peev xwm ntau lawm ntawm graphite electrode tau nce los ntawm 1050kT /a hauv 2016 txog 2200kt / a hauv 2020, nrog rau kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 15.94%. Cov tsib xyoos no yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm graphite electrode ntau lawm, thiab kuj yog lub voj voog khiav ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm graphite electrode kev lag luam. Ua ntej xyoo 2017, kev lag luam graphite electrode raws li kev lag luam kev lag luam ib txwm muaj kev siv hluav taws xob siab thiab muaj kuab paug siab, cov tuam txhab loj hauv tsev graphite electrode txo cov khoom lag luam, cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab graphite electrode raug kaw, thiab txawm tias lub ntiaj teb electrode giants yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau lawm, resell thiab tawm. Nyob rau hauv 2017, cuam tshuam thiab tsav los ntawm lub teb chaws tswj txoj cai ntawm yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ntawm "pem teb bar steel", tus nqi ntawm graphite electrode nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj tau nce sharply. Stimulated los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntau dhau, kev lag luam graphite electrode ushered nyob rau hauv nthwv dej ntawm lub peev xwm rov pib dua thiab nthuav dav.
Nyob rau hauv 2019, cov zis ntawm graphite electrode nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj mus txog ib tug tshiab siab nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, mus txog 1189kT. Xyoo 2020, cov zis ntawm graphite electrode poob mus rau 1020kT vim qhov kev thov tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev sib kis. Tab sis ntawm tag nrho, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam graphite electrode muaj qhov muaj peev xwm loj heev, thiab kev siv tus nqi txo los ntawm 70% hauv 2017 mus rau 46% hauv 2020, qhov kev siv peev txheej tshiab.
2.3 Kev tsom xam ntawm rab koob coke hauv graphite electrode kev lag luam
Kev txhim kho ntawm eAF steel yuav tsav qhov kev thov rau ultra-siab zog graphite electrode. Nws kwv yees tias qhov kev thov rau graphite electrode yuav yog li ntawm 1300kt hauv 2025, thiab qhov kev thov rau rab koob coke yuav yog li 450kT. Vim hais tias nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov loj loj thiab ultra-siab zog graphite electrode thiab sib koom ua ke, roj-raws li koob coke yog zoo dua li coke-raws li koob coke, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm graphite electrode qhov kev thov rau cov roj-raws li koob coke yuav ntxiv, occupying lub kev lag luam chaw ntawm thee-based koob coke.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-23-2022