Cov Lus Qhia Txog:Tus sau tau tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv cov koob coke hauv peb lub tebchaws, qhov kev cia siab ntawm nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam graphite electrode thiab cov khoom siv electrode tsis zoo, los kawm txog cov teeb meem kev txhim kho roj koob coke, suav nrog cov khoom siv raw tsis txaus, qhov zoo tsis siab, lub voj voog ntev thiab kev ntsuam xyuas daim ntawv thov ntau dhau, nce kev tshawb fawb txog kev faib khoom, daim ntawv thov, kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, xws li kev tshawb fawb txog kev koom tes los tsim kev lag luam siab.
Raws li cov khoom siv raw sib txawv, cov coke koob muaj peev xwm muab faib ua cov roj koob coke thiab cov thee koob coke. Cov roj koob coke feem ntau yog ua los ntawm FCC slurry los ntawm kev ua kom huv, hydrodesulfurization, qeeb coking thiab calcination. Cov txheej txheem no nyuaj heev thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus siab. Koob coke muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau, cov sulfur tsawg, nitrogen tsawg, tshauv tsawg thiab lwm yam, thiab muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev tom qab graphitization. Nws yog ib hom anisotropic high-end carbon khoom siv nrog graphitization yooj yim.
Cov tshuaj coke feem ntau yog siv rau cov electrode graphite muaj zog heev, thiab cov khoom siv cathode roj teeb lithium ion, ua lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm "carbon peak", "carbon neutral", cov teb chaws txuas ntxiv txhawb kev hloov pauv hlau thiab kev lag luam tsheb thiab kev txhim kho kev hloov kho qauv kev lag luam thiab txhawb kev siv cov thev naus laus zis txuag hluav taws xob tsawg carbon thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntsuab, los txhawb kev tsim hluav taws xob arc cub hluav taws xob thiab kev txhim kho sai ntawm cov tsheb fais fab tshiab, Qhov kev thov rau cov tshuaj coke nyoos kuj tseem loj hlob sai. Yav tom ntej, kev lag luam downstream ntawm cov tshuaj coke tseem yuav vam meej heev. Cov ncauj lus no tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev cia siab ntawm cov tshuaj coke hauv graphite electrode thiab cov khoom siv anode, thiab muab cov teeb meem thiab kev tiv thaiv rau kev txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj coke.
1. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev ntws ntawm koob coke
1.1 Kev tsim cov koob coke
Kev tsim cov tshuaj coke feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv ob peb lub tebchaws xws li Tuam Tshoj, Tebchaws Meskas, United Kingdom, Kaus Lim Qab Teb thiab Nyiv Pooj. Xyoo 2011, lub peev xwm tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tshuaj coke yog li 1200kt / a, uas Tuam Tshoj lub peev xwm tsim khoom yog 250kt / a, thiab tsuas muaj plaub lub tuam txhab tsim tshuaj coke hauv Suav teb. Los ntawm xyoo 2021, raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Sinfern Information, lub peev xwm tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tshuaj coke yuav nce mus txog li 3250kt / a, thiab lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm cov tshuaj coke hauv Suav teb yuav nce mus txog li 2240kt / a, suav txog 68.9% ntawm lub peev xwm tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb, thiab tus lej ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim tshuaj coke hauv Suav teb yuav nce mus txog 21.
Rooj 1 qhia txog lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm 10 lub tuam txhab tsim cov tshuaj coke koob saum toj kawg nkaus hauv ntiaj teb, nrog rau tag nrho cov peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm 2130kt / a, suav txog 65.5% ntawm lub peev xwm tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm lub peev xwm tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim cov tshuaj coke koob, cov tuam txhab tsim cov roj koob feem ntau muaj qhov loj me, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm ib lub Hoobkas yog 100 ~ 200kt / a, cov tshuaj coke koob ntau lawm tsuas yog li 50kT / a.
Ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, lub peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj coke thoob ntiaj teb yuav txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, tab sis feem ntau yog los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev npaj thiab kev tsim kho lub peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj coke yog li 430kT / a, thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntau dhau kuj tseem ceeb dua. Sab nraum Tuam Tshoj, lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj coke yeej ruaj khov, nrog rau lub chaw ua roj OMSK hauv Lavxias npaj yuav tsim lub chaw tsim tshuaj coke 38kt / a hauv xyoo 2021.
Daim Duab 1 qhia txog kev tsim cov tshuaj coke koob hauv Suav teb hauv 5 xyoos dhau los. Raws li pom tau los ntawm Daim Duab 1, kev tsim cov tshuaj coke koob hauv Suav teb tau ua tiav kev loj hlob sai, nrog rau kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 45% hauv 5 xyoos. Xyoo 2020, tag nrho cov khoom tsim cov tshuaj coke koob hauv Suav teb tau txog 517kT, suav nrog 176kT ntawm cov thee series thiab 341kT ntawm cov roj series.
1.2 Kev xa tawm cov koob tshuaj coke
Daim Duab 2 qhia txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm koob coke hauv Suav teb hauv 5 xyoos dhau los. Raws li pom tau los ntawm Daim Duab 2, ua ntej muaj kev sib kis COVID-19, qhov ntim ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm koob coke hauv Suav teb tau nce ntxiv ntau heev, ncav cuag 270kT hauv xyoo 2019, qhov siab tshaj plaws. Xyoo 2020, vim yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov koob coke uas xa tuaj, kev sib tw txo qis, cov khoom muag loj hauv chaw nres nkoj, thiab muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov kab mob sib kis hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas, Tuam Tshoj qhov ntim ntawm koob coke uas xa tuaj hauv xyoo 2020 tsuas yog 132kt, poob 51% xyoo-rau-xyoo. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, hauv koob coke uas xa tuaj hauv xyoo 2020, koob coke roj yog 27.5kT, poob 82.93% xyoo-rau-xyoo; Cov thee ntsuas koob coke 104.1kt, ntau dua 18.26% dua li xyoo tas los, qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias kev thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv ntawm Nyiv Pooj thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb tsis tshua cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib kis, qhov thib ob, tus nqi ntawm qee yam khoom los ntawm Nyiv Pooj thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb qis dua li cov khoom zoo sib xws hauv Suav teb, thiab qhov ntim khoom xaj qis dua.
1.3 Kev siv cov koob coke
Koob coke yog ib hom khoom siv carbon zoo, uas feem ntau yog siv ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov electrode graphite muaj zog heev thiab cov khoom siv graphite anode cuav. Cov teb thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog hluav taws xob arc rauv hlau thiab roj teeb fais fab rau cov tsheb fais fab tshiab.
Daim Duab 3 qhia txog kev siv cov koob coke hauv Suav teb hauv 5 xyoos dhau los. Graphite electrode yog qhov chaw siv loj tshaj plaws, thiab qhov kev thov loj hlob nkag mus rau theem tsis sib xws, thaum cov khoom siv electrode tsis zoo txuas ntxiv mus loj hlob sai. Xyoo 2020, tag nrho kev siv koob coke hauv Suav teb (suav nrog kev siv khoom muag) yog 740kT, uas yog 340kT ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab 400kt ntawm graphite electrode tau siv, suav txog 45% ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv tsis zoo.
2.1 Kev tsim kho ntawm eAF steelmaking
Kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau yog ib qho chaw tsim cov pa roj carbon loj hauv Suav teb. Muaj ob txoj kev tsim hlau thiab hlau tseem ceeb: lub cub tawg thiab lub cub hluav taws xob arc. Ntawm lawv, kev tsim hlau hluav taws xob arc tuaj yeem txo cov pa roj carbon los ntawm 60%, thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav kev siv cov khoom siv hlau seem thiab txo kev vam khom rau kev xa hlau los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws. Kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau tau npaj siab los ua tus thawj coj hauv kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm "carbon peak" thiab "carbon neutrality" los ntawm xyoo 2025. Nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm txoj cai kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau hauv tebchaws, yuav muaj ntau lub Hoobkas hlau los hloov cov hlau converter thiab lub cub tawg nrog lub cub hluav taws xob arc.
Xyoo 2020, Tuam Tshoj cov hlau nyoos tsim tawm yog 1054.4mt, uas cov hlau eAF tsim tawm yog li 96Mt, suav txog tsuas yog 9.1% ntawm tag nrho cov hlau nyoos, piv rau 18% ntawm lub ntiaj teb qhov nruab nrab, 67% ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, 39% ntawm European Union, thiab 22% ntawm Nyiv EAF hlau, muaj chaw zoo rau kev nce qib. Raws li daim ntawv qhia ntawm "Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Txhawb Kev Txhim Kho Zoo ntawm Kev Lag Luam Hlau thiab Hlau" uas tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Ministry of Industry thiab Information Technology rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31, 2020, qhov sib piv ntawm cov hlau eAF tsim tawm hauv tag nrho cov hlau nyoos yuav tsum tau nce mus txog 15% ~ 20% los ntawm xyoo 2025. Kev nce ntawm eAF steel tsim tawm yuav ua rau muaj kev thov rau ultra-high power graphite electrodes. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob arc hauv tsev yog qib siab thiab loj, uas tso tawm qhov kev thov ntau dua rau cov lus qhia loj thiab ultra-high power graphite electrode.
2.2 Cov xwm txheej tsim khoom ntawm graphite electrode
Graphite electrode yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb rau eAF steelmaking. Daim duab 4 qhia txog lub peev xwm tsim khoom thiab cov zis ntawm graphite electrode hauv Suav teb hauv 5 xyoos dhau los. Lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm graphite electrode tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 1050kT /a hauv xyoo 2016 mus rau 2200kt /a hauv xyoo 2020, nrog rau kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 15.94%. Tsib xyoos no yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm graphite electrode tsim khoom, thiab tseem yog lub voj voog khiav ntawm kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev lag luam graphite electrode. Ua ntej xyoo 2017, kev lag luam graphite electrode ua kev lag luam tsim khoom ib txwm muaj nrog kev siv hluav taws xob ntau thiab muaj kuab paug ntau, cov tuam txhab graphite electrode hauv tsev loj txo qis kev tsim khoom, cov tuam txhab graphite electrode me thiab nruab nrab ntsib kev kaw, thiab txawm tias cov tuam txhab electrode thoob ntiaj teb yuav tsum tso tseg kev tsim khoom, rov muag dua thiab tawm mus. Xyoo 2017, cuam tshuam thiab tsav los ntawm txoj cai tswjfwm hauv tebchaws ntawm kev yuam kom tshem tawm "floor bar steel", tus nqi ntawm graphite electrode hauv Suav teb tau nce siab heev. Txhawb los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntau dhau, kev lag luam graphite electrode tau coj mus rau hauv nthwv dej ntawm kev rov pib dua thiab nthuav dav.
Xyoo 2019, cov zis ntawm graphite electrode hauv Suav teb tau mus txog qhov siab tshiab hauv xyoo tas los no, ncav cuag 1189kT. Xyoo 2020, cov zis ntawm graphite electrode tau txo qis mus rau 1020kT vim yog qhov kev thov tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev sib kis. Tab sis tag nrho, kev lag luam graphite electrode hauv Suav teb muaj peev xwm ntau dhau, thiab tus nqi siv tau txo qis los ntawm 70% hauv xyoo 2017 mus rau 46% hauv xyoo 2020, tus nqi siv peev xwm qis tshiab.
2.3 Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov xav tau ntawm koob coke hauv kev lag luam graphite electrode
Kev tsim cov hlau eAF yuav tsav qhov kev thov rau ultra-high power graphite electrode. Nws kwv yees tias qhov kev thov rau graphite electrode yuav yog li 1300kt hauv xyoo 2025, thiab qhov kev thov rau raw needle coke yuav yog li 450kT. Vim tias hauv kev tsim cov loj thiab ultra-high power graphite electrode thiab sib koom ua ke, roj-raws li needle coke zoo dua li thee-raws li needle coke, qhov feem pua ntawm graphite electrode qhov kev thov rau roj-raws li needle coke yuav nce ntxiv, nyob hauv qhov chaw ua lag luam ntawm thee-raws li needle coke.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-23-2022