Hlau dawb cam khwb cia: Ib yam li cov suab thaj uas peb muab tso rau hauv tshuaj yej, cov pa roj carbon yuav yaj tag nrho hauv cov hlau ua kua. Yog tias cov pa roj carbon no yaj hauv cov kua tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm cov hlau ua kua thaum cov hlau cam khwb cia khov, tab sis tseem yaj tag nrho hauv cov qauv, peb hu cov qauv tshwm sim ua hlau cam khwb cia dawb. Hlau cam khwb cia dawb, uas muaj cov qauv tawg yooj yim heev, hu ua hlau cam khwb cia dawb vim nws muaj xim dawb ci thaum tawg.
Hlau cam khwb cia grey: Thaum cov hlau cam khwb cia ua kua khov, cov pa roj carbon uas yaj hauv cov hlau ua kua, xws li cov suab thaj hauv tshuaj yej, yuav tshwm sim ua ib theem sib cais thaum lub sijhawm khov. Thaum peb tshuaj xyuas cov qauv zoo li no hauv qab lub tshuab microscope, peb pom tias cov pa roj carbon tau lwj mus ua ib qho qauv sib cais uas pom tau rau lub qhov muag liab qab, hauv daim ntawv ntawm graphite. Peb hu hom hlau cam khwb cia no ua hlau cam khwb cia grey, vim tias thaum cov qauv no, uas cov pa roj carbon tshwm sim hauv lamellae, uas yog, hauv cov txheej, tawg, xim tsaus ntuj thiab grey tshwm sim.
Cov hlau cam khwb uas muaj cov xim pom: Cov hlau cam khwb dawb uas peb tau hais los saum toj no tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej txias sai, thaum cov hlau cam khwb grey tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej txias qeeb dua. Yog tias qhov txias ntawm qhov khoom nchuav sib xws nrog qhov ntau yam uas kev hloov pauv ntawm dawb mus rau grey tshwm sim, nws muaj peev xwm pom tias cov qauv grey thiab dawb tshwm sim ua ke. Peb hu cov hlau cam khwb no mottled vim tias thaum peb rhuav ib daim zoo li no, cov islets grey tshwm sim rau ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau dawb.
Hlau cam khwb cia tempered: Hom hlau cam khwb cia no yeej khov ua hlau cam khwb dawb. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov khov ntawm hlau cam khwb cia yog xyuas kom meej tias cov pa roj carbon tseem yaj tag nrho hauv cov qauv. Tom qab ntawd, cov hlau cam khwb dawb khov kho raug kho cua sov kom cov pa roj carbon yaj hauv cov qauv raug cais tawm ntawm cov qauv. Tom qab kev kho cua sov no, peb pom tias cov pa roj carbon tawm los ua cov duab tsis sib xws, sib sau ua ke.
Ntxiv rau qhov kev faib tawm no, yog tias cov pa roj carbon tuaj yeem sib cais ntawm cov qauv vim yog qhov ua kom khov (zoo li hauv cov hlau grey cast), peb tuaj yeem ua lwm qhov kev faib tawm los ntawm kev saib cov khoom ntawm cov graphite uas tshwm sim:
Cov hlau cam khwb cia grey (lamellar graphite): Yog tias cov pa roj carbon tau khov ua rau muaj cov qauv graphite zoo li nplooj zaub qhwv, peb xa mus rau cov hlau cam khwb cia xws li cov hlau cam khwb cia grey lossis lamellar graphite. Peb tuaj yeem khov cov qauv no, uas tshwm sim hauv cov hlau sib xyaw uas cov pa oxygen thiab sulfur siab dua, yam tsis qhia ntau qhov kev hloov pauv vim nws cov thermal conductivity siab.
Hlau graphite kheej kheej: Raws li lub npe qhia, peb pom tias hauv cov qauv no, cov pa roj carbon zoo li cov pob graphite kheej kheej. Yuav kom graphite lwj mus ua ib lub qauv kheej kheej es tsis yog ib lub qauv lamellar, cov pa oxygen thiab sulfur hauv cov kua yuav tsum tau txo qis dua qee qib. Yog vim li cas thaum tsim cov hlau graphite kheej kheej, peb kho cov hlau kua nrog magnesium, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam sai heev nrog oxygen thiab sulfur, thiab tom qab ntawd nchuav nws rau hauv pwm.
Vermicular graphite cast iron: Yog tias kev kho magnesium siv thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov hlau graphite spheroidal tsis txaus thiab graphite tsis tuaj yeem ua spheroidized tag nrho, cov qauv graphite no, uas peb hu ua vermicular (lossis compact), yuav tshwm sim. Vermicular graphite, uas yog daim ntawv hloov pauv ntawm lamellar thiab spheroidal graphite hom, tsis yog tsuas yog muab cov hlau cam khwb cia nrog cov khoom siv kho tshuab siab ntawm spheroidal graphite, tab sis kuj txo qhov kev hloov pauv shrinkage ua tsaug rau nws cov thermal conductivity siab. Cov qauv no, uas suav tias yog qhov yuam kev hauv kev tsim cov hlau graphite spheroidal, yog casting los ntawm ntau lub chaw tsim khoom vim yog qhov zoo uas tau hais los saum toj no.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-20-2024