Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm ultra-siab zog (UHP) graphite electrodes feem ntau yog raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm arc paug. Leveraging lawv tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob conductivity, high-temperature resistance, thiab mechanical zog, cov electrodes pab kom muaj zog hloov hluav taws xob mus rau thermal zog nyob rau hauv high-temperature smelting ib puag ncig, yog li tsav lub metallurgical txheej txheem. Hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb:
1. Arc Discharge thiab hluav taws xob-rau-Thermal hloov dua siab tshiab
1.1 Arc Formation Mechanism
Thaum UHP graphite electrodes tau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv smelting (piv txwv li, hluav taws xob arc rauv), lawv ua raws li kev tshaj tawm. High-voltage paug generates ib tug hluav taws xob arc ntawm lub electrode tip thiab lub cub tawg nqi (xws li, seem hlau, hlau ore). Qhov arc no muaj cov kab hluav taws xob plasma uas tsim los ntawm cov roj ionization, nrog qhov kub siab tshaj 3000 ° C - deb tshaj qhov kub ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob.
1.2 Kev xa hluav taws xob zoo
Cov cua sov uas tsim los ntawm lub arc ncaj qha melts lub cub tawg nqi. Cov electrodes 's superior hluav taws xob conductivity (nrog resistivity tsawg li 6-8 μΩ·m) kom tsawg zog poob thaum lub sij hawm kis tau tus mob, optimizing zog siv. Nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob arc rauv (EAF) steelmaking, piv txwv li, UHP electrodes tuaj yeem txo cov voj voog smelting ntau dua 30%, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
2. Cov Khoom Siv Khoom thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
2.1 High-Tswj cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg
Cov electrodes 'kub kub resilience stems los ntawm lawv cov crystalline qauv: txheej carbon atoms tsim ib tug covalent bond network ntawm sp² hybridization, nrog interlayer binding los ntawm van der Waals rog. Cov qauv no khaws cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog ntawm 3000 ° C thiab muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thermal poob siab tsis kam (nrog qhov kub thiab txias hloov mus txog 500 ° C / min), ua haujlwm zoo dua hlau electrodes.
2.2 Resistance rau Thermal Expansion thiab Creep
UHP electrodes muaj cov coefficient qis ntawm thermal expansion (1.2 × 10⁻⁶ / ° C), txo qis qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub siab thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg vim kev ntxhov siab thermal. Lawv creep kuj (muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov yas deformation nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias) yog optimized los ntawm rab koob coke raw khoom xaiv thiab cov txheej txheem graphitization siab, ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov ntev thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab.
2.3 Oxidation thiab Corrosion Resistance
Los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov tshuaj antioxidants (xws li, borides, silicides) thiab siv cov txheej txheem saum npoo, cov electrodes 'oxidation pib kub siab tshaj 800 ° C. Tshuaj inertness tiv thaiv molten slag thaum smelting mitigates ntau electrode noj, ncua kev pab cuam lub neej mus rau 2-3 npaug ntawm cov pa electrodes.
3. Txheej txheem Compatibility thiab System Optimization
3.1 Tam sim no ceev thiab lub zog muaj peev xwm
UHP electrodes txhawb qhov ceev tam sim no tshaj 50 A / cm². Thaum ua ke nrog cov khoom muaj peev xwm loj (piv txwv li, 100 MVA), lawv ua kom cov hluav taws xob sib txuas hluav taws xob ntau tshaj 100 MW. Qhov kev tsim no ua kom cov thermal input tus nqi thaum smelting - piv txwv li, txo lub zog noj ib tuj ntawm silicon hauv ferrosilicon ntau lawm kom qis dua 8000 kWh.
3.2 Dynamic teb thiab tswj txheej txheem
Niaj hnub nimno smelting systems siv ntse Electrode Regulators (SERs) kom tsis tu ncua saib electrode txoj hauj lwm, tam sim no hloov, thiab arc ntev, tswj electrode noj tus nqi nyob rau hauv 1.5-2.0 kg / t steel. Coupled nrog rau cov cua sov saib xyuas (xws li, CO / CO₂ ratios), qhov no optimizes electrode-them coupling efficiency.
3.3 System Synergy thiab Energy Efficiency Enhancement
Kev xa tawm UHP electrodes yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa kev tsim kho, suav nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob siab (piv txwv li, 110 kV kev sib txuas ncaj qha), cov kav dej txias, thiab cov khoom siv plua plav pov tseg. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob rov qab khib nyiab (piv txwv li, hluav taws xob arc rauv tawm-gas cogeneration) txhawb nqa tag nrho cov kev siv hluav taws xob mus rau ntau dua 60%, ua rau kev siv hluav taws xob cascading.
Qhov kev txhais lus no tswj xyuas qhov tseeb thaum ua raws li kev kawm / kev lag luam terminology conventions, ua kom pom tseeb rau cov neeg tuaj saib tshwj xeeb.
Post lub sij hawm: May-06-2025