Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm ultra-high power graphite electrodes.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm ultra-high power (UHP) graphite electrodes feem ntau yog raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm arc discharge. Siv lawv cov hluav taws xob zoo heev, kev tiv taus kub siab, thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab, cov electrodes no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob mus rau hauv lub zog thermal hauv qhov chaw smelting kub siab, yog li tsav cov txheej txheem metallurgical. Hauv qab no yog kev tshuaj xyuas ntxaws ntxaws ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tseem ceeb:

1. Kev Tawm Arc thiab Kev Hloov Hluav Taws Xob mus rau Thermal Zog

1.1 Txoj Kev Tsim Arc
Thaum cov electrodes graphite UHP raug muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv smelting (piv txwv li, cov cub tawg hluav taws xob arc), lawv ua haujlwm ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob conductive. Kev tso tawm hluav taws xob siab tsim cov hluav taws xob arc ntawm lub taub hau electrode thiab lub cub tawg charge (piv txwv li, cov hlau seem, cov hlau ore). Cov arc no muaj cov channel plasma conductive uas tsim los ntawm cov roj ionization, nrog rau qhov kub tshaj 3000 ° C - tshaj qhov kub combustion ib txwm muaj.

1.2 Kev Xa Hluav Taws Xob Zoo
Qhov kub heev uas tsim los ntawm lub arc ncaj qha yaj lub cub tawg. Cov electrodes 'kev ua hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws (nrog rau qhov tsis kam li 6–8 μΩ·m) ua kom muaj kev poob hluav taws xob tsawg kawg nkaus thaum lub sijhawm xa hluav taws xob, ua kom zoo dua kev siv hluav taws xob. Hauv hluav taws xob arc cub tawg (EAF) steelmaking, piv txwv li, UHP electrodes tuaj yeem txo cov voj voog smelting ntau dua 30%, ua rau muaj kev tsim khoom ntau dua.

2. Cov Khoom Siv thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo

2.1 Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Cov Qauv Kub Siab
Cov electrodes qhov kev ua tau zoo thaum kub thiab txias yog los ntawm lawv cov qauv crystalline: cov pa roj carbon uas muaj txheej txheem tsim covalent bond network ntawm sp² hybridization, nrog rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem los ntawm van der Waals forces. Cov qauv no khaws cov khoom siv zog ntawm 3000 ° C thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv thermal shock zoo heev (txwm muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txog li 500 ° C / feeb), ua tau zoo dua li cov electrodes hlau.

2.2 Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Nthuav Dav Thermal thiab Kev Nce Siab
Cov electrodes UHP qhia tau tias muaj qhov coefficient qis ntawm kev nthuav dav thermal (1.2 × 10⁻⁶ / °C), txo qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub siab thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg vim muaj kev ntxhov siab thermal. Lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv creep (muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev hloov pauv yas hauv qab qhov kub siab) tau ua kom zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw koob coke thiab cov txheej txheem graphitization siab heev, ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab.

2.3 Kev Tiv Thaiv Oxidation thiab Corrosion
Los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj antioxidants (piv txwv li, borides, silicides) thiab siv cov txheej txheem saum npoo, qhov kub ntawm qhov pib oxidation ntawm cov electrodes tau siab dua 800 ° C. Kev tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tiv thaiv cov slag molten thaum lub sijhawm smelting txo qhov kev siv electrode ntau dhau, txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pabcuam mus rau 2-3 npaug ntawm cov electrodes ib txwm muaj.

3. Kev Sib Txuas Lus ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem thiab Kev Txhim Kho Lub Tshuab

3.1 Qhov Ceev Tam Sim No thiab Lub Peev Xwm Fais Fab
Cov electrodes UHP txhawb nqa cov qhov ceev tam sim no tshaj 50 A/cm². Thaum ua ke nrog cov transformers muaj peev xwm siab (piv txwv li, 100 MVA), lawv ua rau muaj peev xwm nkag tau hluav taws xob ib lub cub tawg tshaj 100 MW. Qhov kev tsim no ua kom cov nqi nkag thermal sai dua thaum lub sijhawm smelting—piv txwv li, txo kev siv hluav taws xob ib tuj ntawm silicon hauv kev tsim ferrosilicon kom qis dua 8000 kWh.

3.2 Kev Teb Rov Qab thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Txheej Txheem
Cov txheej txheem smelting niaj hnub siv Smart Electrode Regulators (SERs) los saib xyuas qhov chaw ntawm electrode, qhov hloov pauv tam sim no, thiab qhov ntev ntawm arc, tswj cov nqi siv electrode hauv 1.5–2.0 kg / t hlau. Ua ke nrog kev saib xyuas huab cua hauv lub cub tawg (piv txwv li, CO / CO₂ piv), qhov no ua kom zoo dua qhov kev sib txuas ntawm electrode-charge.

3.3 Kev Sib Koom Tes Hauv Lub System thiab Kev Txhim Kho Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Zoo
Kev siv cov hluav taws xob UHP xav tau cov khoom siv txhawb nqa, suav nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob muaj zog siab (piv txwv li, kev sib txuas ncaj qha 110 kV), cov xov hlau txias nrog dej, thiab cov chaw khaws cov plua plav zoo. Cov thev naus laus zis rov qab tau cua sov pov tseg (piv txwv li, lub tshuab hluav taws xob arc tawm ntawm cov roj cogeneration) ua rau kev siv hluav taws xob tag nrho zoo dua 60%, ua rau kev siv hluav taws xob cascading.

Cov lus txhais no tswj tau qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv tshuab thaum ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm kev kawm/kev lag luam, kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg mloog tshwj xeeb paub meej.