Cov Xwm Txheej Daim Ntawv Thov thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Cia Siab ntawm Graphite Electrodes hauv Cov Khoom Siv Anode rau Lithium-Ion Batteries
1. Txheej Txheem Thov: Graphite Tswj Kev Lag Luam Tab Sis Ntsib Kev Nyuaj Siab Txog Kev Siv Tshuab
1.1 Txoj Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb Hauv Kev Lag Luam
Cov ntaub ntawv graphite anode (xws li graphite ntuj thiab synthetic) tseem yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv lithium-ion battery anodes, suav txog ntau dua 99% ntawm kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 2024. Synthetic graphite, nrog rau qhov zoo xws li qhov ceev ntawm cov kais dej, kev ua haujlwm zoo heev (> 1,500 lub voj voog), thiab 93% kev ua haujlwm pib, dominates lub roj teeb fais fab nrog ntau dua 80% ntawm kev lag luam. Raws li lub ntiaj teb tus tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws, Tuam Tshoj tau ua tiav 负极材料 (anode khoom) tso tawm ntawm 2.16 lab metric tons hauv xyoo 2024, ntes tau 98.5% ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, nrog rau graphite anodes suav txog ntau dua 75% ntawm tag nrho no.
1.2 Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi
Cov graphite anodes tau ua tiav cov nqi qis los ntawm kev lag luam ntawm qhov ntsuas, nrog rau cov nqi graphite hluavtaws hauv Suav teb poob qis los ntawm RMB 55,000 / ton hauv xyoo 2022 mus rau RMB 16,500 / ton hauv xyoo 2024, poob qis 21.43%. Qhov kev siv nyiaj no ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev siv dav hauv cov lag luam uas muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev khaws cia hluav taws xob.
1.3 Cov Kev Txwv Tsis Pub Siv Tshuab Tshiab
Lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm graphite tsuas yog txwv rau 372 mAh/g xwb, ze rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab tab tom tawm tsam kom tau raws li qhov xav tau rau "ultra-long range" hauv cov tsheb fais fab tshiab (NEVs). Kev nrhiav kom muaj zog ntau dua hauv cov roj teeb fais fab zoo dua yog tsav kev hloov mus rau cov khoom siv tiam tom ntej xws li silicon-based thiab hard carbon anodes.
2. Kev Cia Siab Rau Daim Ntawv Thov: Tsis Muaj Dab Tsi Hloov Tau Hauv Lub Sijhawm Luv Luv Tab Sis Muaj Kev Pheej Hmoo Hloov Tau Mus Ntev
2.1 Lub Sij Hawm Luv (3–5 Xyoos): Cov Graphite Tseem Nyob Hauv Nruab Nrab
- Kev Loj Hlob Ntawm Kev Xav Tau: Kev nthuav dav hauv NEVs thiab kev lag luam khaws cia hluav taws xob yuav ua rau muaj kev xav tau cov khoom siv anode, nrog rau kev xa khoom ntawm Tuam Tshoj kwv yees tias yuav ncav cuag 2.41 lab metric tons los ntawm xyoo 2025, nrog rau graphite anodes tseem suav txog ntau dua 70%.
- Kev Txhim Kho Tshuab Tseem Muaj Kev Sib Tw: Cov thev naus laus zis txheej txheem kua tau ntev lub neej ntawm graphite anode tshaj 2,000 lub voj voog, thaum cov qauv tsim 3D porous ua rau them sai sai hauv 15 feeb txog 80% muaj peev xwm, ua tau raws li cov kev cai rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov roj teeb fais fab qis.
- Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus nqi tseem tsis tau sib tw: Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov txheej txheem graphitization (piv txwv li, kev ua graphitization tas mus li) txo cov nqi ntxiv, thaum cov anodes raws li silicon tseem kim dua 3-5 npaug, txwv tsis pub siv rau lub sijhawm luv luv.
2.2 Lub Sijhawm Ntev (5–10 Xyoo): Cov Anodes Uas Muaj Silicon Tau Txais Kev Sib Tw, Ua Rau Graphite Cov Feem Cuam Tshuam Hauv Kev Lag Luam
- Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Anode Uas Siv Silicon: Kev nce qib hauv kev tsim cov qauv nanostructured, kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem carbon, thiab cov thev naus laus zis ua ntej lithiation tau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thawj zaug mus txog ntau dua 85%, lub neej voj voog ntev dua 1,000 voj voog, thiab txo cov nqi los ntawm 60% los ntawm qib 2022 mus rau RMB 180 / kg. Kev lag luam anode uas siv silicon thoob ntiaj teb yuav ncav cuag RMB 30 billion los ntawm xyoo 2025, nrog rau kev nkag mus ntau dua 10%, thiab tej zaum yuav 25% los ntawm xyoo 2030.
- Txoj Cai thiab Cov Tsav Tsheb Lag Luam: Kev muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb NEV kwv yees tias yuav ncav cuag 60 lab units los ntawm xyoo 2030, thaum lub peev xwm khaws cia hluav taws xob yuav loj hlob los ntawm 300 GWh hauv xyoo 2025 mus rau 800 GWh hauv xyoo 2030. Kev thov kom muaj zog ntau yuav ua rau kev siv cov anodes uas ua los ntawm silicon ua sai dua.
- Graphite's Niche Retreat: Graphite anodes tej zaum yuav thim rov qab mus rau cov roj teeb fais fab qis, kev khaws cia hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siv khoom, nrog rau kev lag luam raug rhuav tshem los ntawm silicon-based, lithium-metal, thiab lwm yam khoom siv siab heev.
2.3 Tej Yam Yuav Ua Rau Muaj Kev Pheej Hmoo Hloov: Sodium-Ion thiab Solid-State Batteries
- Kev Lag Luam Roj Teeb Sodium-Ion: Yog tias tus nqi poob qis dua RMB 0.3/Wh, roj teeb sodium-ion tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev thov graphite anode, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev khaws cia hluav taws xob.
- Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Lub Roj Teeb Khoom Siv Kho Vaj Khoom: Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov electrolytes khoom siv kho vaj khoom thiab cov anodes lithium-hlau tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov chaw ntawm anode, txawm hais tias kev lag luam tseem nyob deb li 5-10 xyoo.
3. Cov Qauv Kev Lag Luam thiab Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Npaj
3.1 Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Siv Tshuab
- Graphite Anodes: Tsom ntsoov rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm them ceev (piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem kua), txo nqi (piv txwv li, kev ua graphitization tas mus li), thiab lub neej ntev (piv txwv li, cov qauv porous 3D).
- Cov Anodes Uas Siv Silicon: Saib xyuas CVD silicon-carbon cov txheej txheem loj hlob, kev lag luam ua ntej lithiation, thiab cov ntawv thov graphite-silicon composite (piv txwv li, BTR's S + i graphite solutions).
- Cov Anodes Tshiab: Cov anodes lithium-hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon porous rau cov roj teeb lithium-sulfur tab tom nkag mus rau theem sim, nrog rau cov haujlwm sib koom tes hauv kev lag luam thiab kev kawm ntawv tau nce peb npaug txij li xyoo 2022.
3.2 Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Npaj Txhij Rau Lub Tuam Txhab
- Lub Tswv Yim Luv Luv: Tsim cov anodes rau cov kab ke cathode uas muaj nickel siab thiab cov khoom sib xyaw silicon-carbon los txhim kho cov nqi khoom zoo.
- Lub Tswv Yim Mus Ntev: Nqis peev rau cov ntawv pov thawj tseem ceeb (piv txwv li, kev hloov kho txheej, ua ntej lithiation) thiab ruaj ntseg kev koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab tsim roj teeb thoob ntiaj teb 5 lub tuam txhab kom ruaj khov txoj haujlwm ua lag luam.
- Kev Txo Kev Pheej Hmoo: Ua kom muaj ntau yam kev nqis peev thoob plaws hauv cov thev naus laus zis graphite, silicon, thiab lithium-metal los tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo hloov chaw; muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg muab khoom uas muaj kev ua tau zoo ESG thiab kev coj ua ntsuab.
4. Xaus Lus
Cov electrodes graphite tseem ceeb heev rau cov roj teeb lithium-ion anodes hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, txhawb nqa los ntawm lawv cov nqi qis, kev ruaj khov, thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tas mus li. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib hauv cov anodes raws li silicon thiab kev thov kom muaj zog ntau ntxiv hauv NEVs ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo hloov pauv mus sij hawm ntev. Cov tuam txhab yuav tsum sib npaug kev tsim kho tshiab, kev tswj hwm tus nqi, thiab kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj kom hloov pauv los ntawm "kev nthuav dav" mus rau "kev txhim kho zoo," thaum kawg tsav tsheb kev lag luam mus rau qhov muaj zog ntau dua, lub neej ntev dua, thiab cov nqi qis dua.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-22-2025