Cov hluav taws xob graphite ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlau hluav taws xob arc (EAF), nrog lawv cov haujlwm nkag mus rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim hlau thiab ua kom muaj kev tsim hlau zoo thiab ruaj khov los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
1. Kev Tsim Hluav Taws Xob Tam Sim No thiab Arc
Lub Luag Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb: Cov hluav taws xob graphite ua haujlwm ua "cov neeg nqa hluav taws xob tam sim no" hauv EAFs, qhia lub zog hluav taws xob siab rau hauv lub cub tawg los ntawm lawv cov kev coj ua zoo heev (tsis tshua muaj resistivity). Qhov no tsim cov hluav taws xob kub siab (tshaj 3000 ° C) ntawm cov lus qhia electrode thiab cov hlau seem lossis cov khoom siv them.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Arc: Cov cua sov uas cov arcs tso tawm ncaj qha yaj cov hlau seem thiab cov hlau molten, tsim cov hlau ua kua thaum muab lub hauv paus zog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab.
2. Kev Tiv Thaiv Kub Siab thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg Thermal
Cov Khoom Siv: Graphite muaj qhov chaw yaj txog li 3650 ° C thiab tswj tau lub zog siab yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qab qhov kub thiab txias heev (kwv yees li 2000–3000 ° C) thiab kev poob siab thermal hnyav hauv thaj chaw arc.
Cov Kev Zoo ntawm Kev Siv: Piv rau cov electrodes tooj liab (qhov kub yaj ~ 1083 ° C), cov electrodes graphite muaj kev ruaj khov zoo dua thaum kub siab, tiv taus kev mos lossis yaj. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev sib txuas arc tas mus li, ruaj khov thiab txo cov zaus kaw lub cub tawg rau kev saib xyuas.
3. Kev Tsis Muaj Tshuaj Lom Zem thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Xeb
Kev Ua Tsis Zoo: Graphite ua rau muaj kev ua tsis zoo tshuaj tsawg heev nrog cov hlau molten thiab slag ntawm qhov kub siab, tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov khoom tsis huv (piv txwv li, carbon, oxygen) uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau huv.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Oxidation: Kev kho mob tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, impregnation nrog antioxidants) tsim cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tiv thaiv ntawm cov nplaim graphite electrode, txo qhov poob oxidation kub siab thiab ntev lub neej kev pabcuam.
4. Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Zoo thiab Kev Txuag Hluav Taws Xob
Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Thermal: Qhov kev coj ua hluav taws xob ntawm cov electrodes graphite ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob mus rau hauv cua sov, txo qis kev poob zog thiab luv luv lub voj voog smelting (feem ntau txo cov sijhawm smelting ib zaug cua sov los ntawm 10-20%).
Kev Siv Nyiaj Tau Zoo: Cov hluav taws xob graphite siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua piv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tuaj yeem siv dua (nrog rau ib feem ntawm cov hluav taws xob seem uas siv tau dua rau kev rov ua dua), txo cov nqi tsim khoom tag nrho.
5. Kev Txhawb Nqa Cov Qauv thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Yooj Yim
Lub Zog Kho Tshuab: Cov hluav taws xob graphite yuav tsum tiv taus lawv qhov hnyav, lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab kev co ntawm lub tshuab. Lawv lub zog siab thiab kev ruaj khov tiv thaiv kev tawg lossis khoov thaum lub sijhawm smelting.
Kev Hloov Kho Qhov Loj: Cov electrodes tuaj yeem hloov kho tau ntau yam diameters (piv txwv li, 400–800 mm) thiab qhov ntev kom haum rau EAF lub peev xwm thiab cov txheej txheem xav tau, txhawb nqa kev tsim khoom loj tas mus li.
6. Kev Ruaj Ntseg Ib puag ncig
Cov Pa roj carbon tsawg: EAF steelmaking, uas siv cov hlau seem ua cov khoom noj thiab siv cov cua sov zoo ntawm cov electrodes graphite, txo qis kev khawb hlau thiab kev siv coke, yog li txo cov pa roj CO₂.
Kev Siv Cov Khoom Siv Rov Qab: Cov khoom seem xws li cov khoom txiav tawm thiab cov electrodes seem los ntawm kev tsim cov graphite electrode tuaj yeem siv rov qab thiab siv dua, ua raws li cov ntsiab cai kev lag luam ncig.
Cov Xwm Txheej Siv Tau
Cov Cub Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Muaj Zog Heev (UHP): Cov hluav taws xob graphite loj (piv txwv li, ≥750 mm) ua ke nrog cov hluav taws xob siab (pua pua txhiab tus amperes) ua rau yaj thiab ua kom huv sai, tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov qib hlau muaj nqis siab (piv txwv li, cov hlau ntawv tsheb, cov hlau silicon).
DC Electric Arc Furnaces: Ib lub electrodes graphite loj loj txo cov electrode siv thiab kev poob hluav taws xob, ua kom zoo dua qub.
Kev Txheeb Xyuas
Cov hluav taws xob graphite, nrog lawv cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws, kev ua kom sov tau zoo, kev ruaj khov ntawm tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog, ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm EAF steelmaking. Lawv cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev smelting, qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom thaum txhawb kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev txo cov pa phem, thiab kev siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov no tsav kev lag luam hlau mus rau kev hloov pauv ntsuab dua, qis carbon. Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm EAF steelmaking (piv txwv li, Tuam Tshoj lub hom phiaj "14th Five-Year Plan" ntawm 15% EAF steel output), kev thov rau graphite electrodes thiab kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuab hauv daim teb no yuav txuas ntxiv loj hlob.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-17-2025