Cov hluav taws xob graphite yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua hlau luv luv (hluav taws xob arc rauv hlau), nrog lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb qhia txog plaub qhov tseem ceeb: kev ua hluav taws xob thiab kev hloov pauv cua sov, kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem, kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntxaws ntxaws yog raws li nram no:
I. Kev Ua Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Hloov Kub: Lub "Hwj Chim Hloov Pauv" ntawm Cov Hluav Taws Xob Arc Furnaces
Kev ua hlau luv luv feem ntau siv cov hlau seem ua cov khoom siv raw, yaj thiab ua kom zoo rau hauv hlau los ntawm cov cub hluav taws xob arc (EAF). Ua ib yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm graphite electrodes yog:
- Kev Xa Hluav Taws Xob: Cov hluav taws xob graphite muab lub zog hluav taws xob siab rau hauv lub cub tawg, tsim cov hluav taws xob kub siab (tshaj 4,000 ° C) ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau seem, yaj cov hlau seem ncaj qha.
- Kev Hloov Kub Zoo: Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm graphite thermal conductivity (kwv yees li 100–200 W/(m·K)) ua kom muaj kev hloov kub sai los ntawm lub arc hluav taws xob mus rau lub cub tawg, ua rau lub sijhawm yaj luv dua thiab txo kev siv hluav taws xob.
- Kev Tiv Thaiv Kub Siab: Graphite muaj qhov kub yaj tshaj 3,500 ° C, siab dua li qhov kub ntawm kev ua hlau (kwv yees li 1,600–1,800 ° C), ua rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev yam tsis yaj thiab xyuas kom meej tias kev ua hlau txuas ntxiv mus.
II. Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem: Lub "Anchor" hauv Cov Xwm Txheej Ua Haujlwm Hnyav
Lub chaw ua hlau fais fab arc yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab cov hluav taws xob graphite ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov los ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Poob Siab Thaum Tshav Kub: Graphite tus coefficient qis ntawm kev nthuav dav thermal (kwv yees li 1–2 × 10⁻⁶/°C) tso cai rau nws tiv taus qhov kev hloov pauv kub hnyav thaum lub sijhawm pib thiab kaw hluav taws xob arc (los ntawm chav tsev kub txog 4,000 ° C), tiv thaiv kev tawg lossis tawg.
- Kev Ruaj Ntseg Tshuaj: Graphite ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg heev nrog cov khoom siv hauv qhov cub (cov hlau seem, cov hlau sib xyaw, thiab lwm yam) ntawm qhov kub siab, txo cov khoom tsis huv thiab ua kom cov hlau huv.
- Lub Zog Kho Tshuab: Cov electrodes graphite muaj zog heev tuaj yeem tiv taus lub zog arc, kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob hauv lub cub tawg, thiab kev ntxhov siab thaum lub sijhawm tuav, txo cov nqi attrition.
III. Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo: Tus "Ua Kom Ceev" ntawm Kev Ua Hlau Luv
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov graphite electrodes cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab cov nqi ntawm kev ua hlau:
- Kev Ua Haujlwm Hluav Taws Xob Zoo: Graphite qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob resistivity (kwv yees li 10⁻⁴ Ω·cm) txo qhov poob hluav taws xob, ua kom arc combustion ruaj khov, thiab ua rau melting ceev dua 10% -20%.
- Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb: Cov kab uas hla thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov cub hluav taws xob arc ntawm ntau qhov tonnages (piv txwv li, Φ300–400 hli electrodes rau cov cub me me thiab Φ700–800 hli ultra-high-power electrodes rau cov cub loj).
- Kev Siv Khoom Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis tau txo qis kev siv graphite electrode ib tuj ntawm cov hlau los ntawm 9.3 kg hauv xyoo 1960 mus rau 2.82 kg hauv xyoo 1994, txo qis cov nqi tsim hlau.
IV. Kev Hloov Kho Ib Puag Ncig: Tus "Yam Tseem Ceeb Uas Pab Tau" ntawm Kev Ua Hlau Ntsuab
Kev ua hlau luv luv hloov "hlau ore + coke" nrog "hlau seem + hluav taws xob," txo cov pa roj carbon los ntawm kwv yees li 75%. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, cov electrodes graphite:
- Txhawb Nqa Lub Zog Huv Si: Lawv sib haum xeeb zoo nrog lub cub tawg hluav taws xob arc tus qauv "hluav taws xob hloov thee", tsav tsheb hloov pauv carbon tsawg ntawm kev lag luam hlau.
- Txo Cov Pa Phem: Piv rau cov txheej txheem ntev ntawm lub cub tawg-hloov pauv, hluav taws xob arc cub tawg steelmaking txo cov pa phem SO₂, NOx, thiab cov plua plav los ntawm 60% -80%. Ua ib qho khoom tseem ceeb, graphite electrodes pab txhawb rau kev ua tiav cov hom phiaj ib puag ncig.
- Txhawb Kev Siv Cov Khoom Siv Rov Qab: Cov hlau seem ua haujlwm ua cov khoom siv raw ncaj qha rau kev siv graphite electrode, tsim ib lub voj voog kaw ntawm "cov hlau seem-hluav taws xob arc cub tawg-graphite electrodes" thiab txhim kho kev siv cov peev txheej.
V. Tus Nqi Tseem Ceeb: Lub "Nyiaj Txiag Nyuaj" hauv Kev Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb
- Kev Muab Khoom Siv: Lub peev xwm tsim khoom siv graphite electrode thoob ntiaj teb yog nyob ntawm ob peb lub tuam txhab hauv Suav teb, xws li Fangda Carbon, uas suav txog 30% ntawm lub peev xwm thoob ntiaj teb. Suav teb muab khoom siv ntau dua 60% ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, tuav lub hwj chim tseem ceeb.
- Cov Teeb Meem Kev Txawj Ntse Siab: Cov electrodes graphite muaj zog heev xav tau cov khoom siv raw zoo xws li koob coke thiab modified pitch, nrog rau cov voj voog tsim khoom ntev li 3-6 lub hlis. Cov kev txwv ntawm kev txawj ntse txwv cov neeg nkag tshiab.
- Kev Cuam Tshuam Txog Kev Nom Kev Tswv Hauv Ntiaj Teb: Xyoo 2025, Nyiv Pooj tau pib tshawb nrhiav txog kev tiv thaiv kev pov tseg cov khoom siv graphite electrodes hauv Suav teb, qhia txog lawv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua lag luam. Suav teb tau ua kom nws txoj haujlwm ua lag luam ruaj khov los ntawm kev pom zoo xws li Kev Koom Tes Hauv Cheeb Tsam (RCEP) thaum ua kom nrawm dua kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis los txhawb kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov saw hlau lag luam.
Xaus lus
Cov hluav taws xob graphite tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua hlau luv luv los ntawm lawv plaub lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: kev ua hluav taws xob thiab kev hloov pauv cua sov, kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem, kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig. Kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov hluav taws xob graphite tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua hlau xwb tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv carbon tsawg thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam hlau thoob ntiaj teb. Nrog rau qhov nce ntxiv ntawm kev ua hlau hluav taws xob arc (Tuam Tshoj lub hom phiaj rau 15% -20% los ntawm 2025), kev thov ua lag luam thiab kev tsim kho tshiab rau cov hluav taws xob graphite yuav txuas ntxiv mus nrawm dua, ua haujlwm ua "lub cav tsis pom" rau kev txhim kho zoo hauv kev lag luam hlau.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-18-2025