Cnooc (Qingdao) Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Roj Hnyav Hnyav, LTD
Kev Siv Tshuab Kho Khoom Siv, Zaj 32, 2021
Abstract: Kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv Suav teb tau txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm ntau lub koom haum hauv zej zog. Tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj tau txhim kho peb lub zog kev lag luam thiab lub zog tag nrho hauv tebchaws. Raws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem steelmaking circuit, cov koob coke feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov graphite electrodes. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv roj teeb lithium, nrog rau hauv kev lag luam fais fab nuclear thiab cov teb aviation. Nrog rau kev txhawb nqa keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, kev txhim kho tas mus li thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis steelmaking hluav taws xob tau txhawb nqa, thiab cov qauv thiab cov kev cai ntawm koob coke hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tau hloov kho tas li, txhawm rau ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev txhim kho kev tsim khoom hauv zej zog. Vim yog cov khoom siv raw sib txawv siv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, koob coke tau muab faib ua roj av series thiab thee series. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem pom tias roj av series koob coke muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog dua li cov koob thee series. Hauv tsab ntawv no, peb kawm txog qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm kev lag luam roj av koob tsom thiab cov teeb meem hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov thev naus laus zis cuam tshuam, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov teeb meem hauv kev tsim khoom thiab cov teeb meem kev siv tshuab cuam tshuam ntawm roj av koob tsom.
I. Kev Taw Qhia
Cov tshuaj coke ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov graphite electrode. Los ntawm qhov xwm txheej kev txhim kho tam sim no, cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws xws li Tebchaws Meskas thiab Nyiv Pooj tau pib ua ntej hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj coke, thiab kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb tau loj hlob, thiab lawv tau paub txog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj coke roj av. Piv txwv li, kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj coke hauv cov roj pib lig. Tab sis nrog kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm peb txoj kev lag luam kev lag luam, txhawb kev nthuav dav ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho cov tshuaj coke hauv cov roj tau ua tiav hauv xyoo tas los no, ua tiav kev tsim khoom lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qee qhov sib txawv hauv qhov zoo thiab kev siv piv rau cov khoom xa tuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom meej meej txog qhov xwm txheej kev txhim kho kev lag luam tam sim no thiab cov teeb meem kev siv tshuab hauv lub kaw lus roj av.
II. Kev Taw Qhia thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Siv Cov Tshuab Siv Koob Tshuaj Roj Av
(1) Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm cov roj av koob coke hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws
Kev siv tshuab roj av koob coke tau pib hauv Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 1950. Tab sis peb lub tebchaws tau qhib lawm
Kev tshawb fawb txog thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim cov roj av coke tau pib thaum xyoo 1980s. Nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm txoj cai hauv tebchaws txog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, cov koom haum tshawb fawb Suav tau pib ua ntau yam kev sim ntawm roj av coke thiab tshawb nrhiav thiab tshawb fawb ntau yam kev sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, xyoo 1990s, peb lub tebchaws tau ua tiav ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb sim ntawm kev npaj cov roj av uas tsom mus rau koob, thiab thov rau cov thev naus laus zis patent. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov cai hauv tebchaws, ntau lub koom haum Academy of Sciences hauv tebchaws thiab cov tuam txhab cuam tshuam tau nqis peev rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thiab txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom hauv kev lag luam. Qib kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis roj av koob-coke kuj tseem txhim kho tas li. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov xwm txheej no yog tias muaj kev thov loj hauv tebchaws rau roj av koob-coke. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho hauv tebchaws thiab kev tsim khoom tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam, ib feem loj ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv tebchaws yog nyob los ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj. Vim yog qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm kev txhim kho, txawm hais tias qhov kev tsom mus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom siv roj av thiab kev tsim khoom nce ntxiv, tab sis kuj muaj qee qhov teeb meem uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm peb lub tebchaws thiab cov tebchaws tsim kho.
(2) Kev tshuaj xyuas kev siv tshuab ntawm cov tuam txhab roj av hauv tsev
Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim ntawv thov, nws tuaj yeem pom tias qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov roj av koob coke yog vim qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qhov ntsuas ntawm cov coefficient nthuav dav thermal thiab qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me, uas qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom zoo [1]. Qhov sib txawv zoo no feem ntau yog los ntawm qhov nyuaj tsim khoom hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj av koob coke, nws cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom tseem ceeb yog rau qib kev kho ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Tam sim no, tsuas yog Shanxi Hongte Chemical Co., LTD., Sinosteel (Anshan) thiab Jinzhou Petrochemical tau paub txog kev tsim khoom loj. Hauv kev sib piv, Jinzhou Petrochemical Company txoj kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm cov roj av koob coke yog qhov paub tab, lub peev xwm ua tiav ntawm lub cuab yeej tau txhim kho tas li, thiab cov khoom cuam tshuam tsim tawm tuaj yeem ncav cuag theem nruab nrab thiab siab hauv kev ua lag luam, uas tuaj yeem siv rau cov hlau ua hluav taws xob siab lossis ultra-high-power.
Iii. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev lag luam roj av hauv tsev
(1) Nrog rau kev ua kom nrawm ntawm kev lag luam, qhov kev thov rau koob coke nce ntxiv txhua hnub
Peb lub teb chaws yog lub teb chaws tsim khoom lag luam loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, uas feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm hom kev tsim khoom lag luam.
Kev tsim hlau thiab hlau kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov lag luam tseem ceeb los txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los no, qhov kev thov rau kev siv koob txhaj tshuaj nce ntxiv txhua hnub. Tab sis tam sim no, peb txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thiab peb lub peev xwm tsim khoom tsis sib xws nrog kev xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias muaj ob peb lub tuam txhab roj av uas muaj peev xwm tsim cov qauv zoo, thiab lub peev xwm tsim khoom tsis ruaj khov. Txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tseem tab tom nce qib tam sim no, tab sis xav kom tau raws li lub zog siab lossis ultra high power graphite electrode thiab muaj qhov sib txawv loj, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj av. Tam sim no, kev lag luam koob txhaj tshuaj tau muab faib ua roj av koob txhaj tshuaj thiab thee koob txhaj tshuaj coke. Los ntawm qhov sib piv, roj av koob txhaj tshuaj coke qis dua thee koob txhaj tshuaj coke hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm kev tsim kho lossis theem kev txhim kho, uas kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam kev nthuav dav ntawm Suav teb roj av koob txhaj tshuaj coke. Tab sis nrog rau kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm qib thev naus laus zis tsim khoom hauv kev lag luam hlau, kev tsim khoom hlau thiab kev tsim khoom xav tau rau ultra-high power graphite electrode nce ntxiv. Qhov no kuj qhia tau tias nrog kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm peb qib kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab kev ua kom nrawm ntawm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, qhov kev thov rau koob coke yuav ntau dua thiab ntau dua.
(2) Kev tshuaj xyuas tus nqi ntawm kev ua lag luam koob coke
Raws li qib kev txhim kho kev lag luam tam sim no thiab kev hloov kho ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam thiab cov ntsiab lus kev lag luam ntawm peb lub teb chaws, nws pom tau tias cov roj av series ntawm koob ntsuas coking yog qhov tsim nyog rau peb lub teb chaws dua li cov thee series ntawm koob ntsuas coking, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis sib npaug ntawm kev muab khoom thiab kev thov ntawm koob ntsuas coking, txhawm rau daws qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsis sib npaug ntawm kev muab khoom thiab kev thov ntawm lub kaw lus roj av, peb tsuas yog tuaj yeem vam khom rau kev xa khoom tuaj. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus nqi hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj hauv xyoo tas los no, nws tuaj yeem pom tias tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj roj av koob coke tau nce txij li xyoo 2014. Yog li ntawd, rau kev lag luam hauv tsev, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev muab khoom thiab kev nce nqi ntshuam, koob coke roj av yuav dhau los ua qhov chaw nqis peev tshiab hauv kev lag luam koob coke hauv Suav teb [2].
Plaub, peb cov koob roj tsom mus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis ntau lawm
(1) Kev tshuaj xyuas cov teeb meem ua ntej kho cov khoom siv raw
Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim cov roj av koob-coke, nws tuaj yeem pom tias, rau kev kho cov khoom siv raw, roj av yog cov khoom siv raw tseem ceeb, vim yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov peev txheej roj av, roj av nyoos yuav tsum tau khawb hauv av, thiab cov roj av nyoos hauv peb lub tebchaws yuav siv ntau yam catalysts hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev khawb thiab ua, yog li yuav muaj qee qhov tsis huv hauv cov khoom siv roj av. Txoj kev kho ua ntej no yuav coj cov teebmeem tsis zoo rau kev tsim cov roj av koob coke. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov roj av nws tus kheej feem ntau yog aliphatic hydrocarbon, cov ntsiab lus ntawm aromatic hydrocarbon yog qis, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov peev txheej roj av uas twb muaj lawm. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev tsim cov roj av koob coke zoo muaj cov kev cai nruj rau cov khoom siv raw, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov aromatic hydrocarbon cov ntsiab lus, thiab xaiv cov sulfur qis, oxygen, asphaltene thiab lwm yam roj av ua cov khoom siv raw, xav tau tias qhov feem pua ntawm sulfur tsawg dua 0.3%, thiab qhov feem pua ntawm asphaltene tsawg dua 1.0%. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev tshawb pom thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom qub, nws pom tias feem ntau ntawm cov roj nyoos ua tiav hauv peb lub tebchaws yog cov roj nyoos sulfur siab, thiab tsis muaj roj tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov koob coke nrog cov ntsiab lus hydrocarbon aromatic siab. Nws yog ib qho teeb meem loj heev rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv hauv cov roj. Lub caij no, Jinzhou Petrochemical, uas paub tab dua hauv R & D thiab kev tsim khoom tam sim no, xav tau cov khoom siv raw tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov koob coke hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua cov roj av koob coke. Qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm qhov zoo yog ib qho ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb uas txwv tsis pub qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov zoo ntawm koob coke [3]. Shandong Yida New Material Co., Ltd. tsim thiab tau txais kev kho ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau chav tsim khoom ntawm roj av koob coke.
Tib lub sijhawm, ntau txoj hauv kev tau raug siv los tshem tawm cov khoom me me. Ntxiv nrog rau kev xaiv cov roj hnyav uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov koob coke, cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov khoom siv raw tau raug tshem tawm ua ntej coking.
(2) Kev tshuaj xyuas cov teeb meem kev siv tshuab hauv cov txheej txheem coking qeeb ntawm cov roj av koob coke
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm koob coke yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab muaj cov kev xav tau siab rau kev tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm siab hauv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem hauv cov txheej txheem coking ntawm kev tsim koob coke seb qhov siab, lub sijhawm thiab kub ntawm coke tuaj yeem tswj tau tiag tiag los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim nyog, yog li lub sijhawm teb tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov qauv xav tau. Tib lub sijhawm, kev ua kom zoo dua thiab kev hloov kho ntawm cov txheej txheem coking thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb kuj tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom zoo dua thiab kev txhim kho zoo ntawm tag nrho cov koob coke.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lub cub cua sov rau kev hloov pauv kub yog ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm raws li tus qauv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov koob coke kom qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ncav cuag cov yam ntxwv xav tau. Qhov tseeb, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv kub yog txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coking tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv qhov chaw qeeb thiab qis thaum ncua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coking, kom ua tiav cov ntxhiab tsw qab, xyuas kom meej tias cov molecule tau teeb tsa, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv tuaj yeem raug taw qhia thiab khov kho raws li qhov kev ua ntawm lub siab, thiab txhawb kev ruaj khov ntawm lub xeev. Lub cub cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov roj av koob coke, thiab muaj qee qhov kev cai thiab cov qauv rau cov ntsuas kub tshwj xeeb, uas tsis tuaj yeem qis dua qhov txwv qis ntawm 476 ℃ thiab tsis tuaj yeem tshaj qhov txwv siab tshaj ntawm 500 ℃. Tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias lub cub tawg kub sib txawv yog cov khoom siv loj thiab cov chaw, peb yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov sib xws ntawm qhov zoo ntawm txhua lub pej thuam ntawm koob coke: txhua lub pej thuam hauv cov txheej txheem pub mis, vim qhov kub, siab, cua ceev thiab lwm yam tau hloov pauv, yog li lub pej thuam coke tom qab coke tsis sib xws, nruab nrab thiab qis dua zoo. Yuav ua li cas kom zoo daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib xws zoo ntawm koob coke kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau xav txog hauv kev tsim cov koob coke.
5. Kev tshuaj xyuas txog kev coj ua yav tom ntej ntawm cov roj av koob coke
(a) Txhawb kom muaj kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov roj av hauv tsev
Cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev lag luam ntawm kev tsom koob tau raug tswj hwm los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Nyiv Pooj. Tam sim no, hauv kev tsim cov coke koob tiag tiag hauv Suav teb, tseem muaj qee qhov teeb meem, xws li qhov zoo tsis ruaj khov, lub zog coke qis thiab ntau cov hmoov coke. Txawm hais tias cov coke koob tsim tau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov electrodes graphite muaj zog thiab ultra-high-power hauv ntau ntau, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov electrodes graphite loj ultra-high-power hauv ntau ntau. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, peb txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsom koob tsis tau tso tseg, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yuav txuas ntxiv mus zoo dua. Shanxi Hongte Coal Chemical Co., LTD., Sinosteel Coal ntsuas koob coke, Jinzhou Petrochemical Co., LTD. Cov roj series koob coke units tau mus txog 40,000-50,000 tons / xyoo scale, thiab tuaj yeem khiav ruaj khov, tas li txhim kho qhov zoo.
(2) Kev thov hauv tebchaws rau cov roj av koob coke txuas ntxiv mus
Kev txhim kho kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau xav tau ntau lub electrodes fais fab loj heev thiab cov electrodes fais fab loj. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev thov rau koob coke rau ultra high power electrode thiab high power electrode ntau lawm tab tom loj hlob sai, kwv yees li ntawm 250,000 tons ib xyoos. Cov zis ntawm cov hlau hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb tsawg dua 10%, thiab lub ntiaj teb qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau hluav taws xob tau txog 30%. Peb cov hlau seem tau txog 160 lab tons. Raws li qhov xwm txheej tam sim no hauv lub sijhawm ntev, kev txhim kho cov hlau hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob yog qhov tsis zam, qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv koob coke yuav tsis zam. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau ua cov kev ntsuas los nce qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab txhim kho txoj kev tsim khoom kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom.
(3) Kev nthuav dav ntawm kev thov ua lag luam txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hauv tsev R & D
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev thov ntawm koob-scorch yuav tsum tau ua kom nrawm dua hauv kev tsim cov koob-scorch. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim thiab tsim cov koob-scorch, cov kws tshawb fawb tau paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov nyuaj hauv kev tsim cov koob-scorch, nce kev siv zog tshawb fawb, thiab tsim cov chaw sim me me thiab cov chaw sim ua ntej kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv sim los coj kev tsim khoom. Cov txheej txheem ua cov koob coke pheej raug txhim kho kom tau raws li qhov kev thov loj hlob. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, kev tsis txaus roj thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov ntsiab lus sulfur nce ntxiv txwv tsis pub kev tsim cov koob coke roj system. Lub chaw tsim khoom siv raw tshiab ntawm cov roj series koob coke tau tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv Shandong Yida New Material Co., LTD., thiab cov khoom siv raw zoo ntawm cov roj series koob coke tau tsim tawm, uas yuav ua kom zoo dua qhov zoo thiab cov zis ntawm cov roj series koob coke.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-07-2022