Kev siv dav dav ntawm lub cub tawg hluav taws xob (EAF) steelmaking yuav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev thov rau graphite electrodes, nrog rau cov yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev sib koom tes ntawm cov lus qhia txoj cai, kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, thiab kev xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam. Cov kev tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb yog raws li nram no:
I. Cov Lus Cog Tseg Uas Muaj Txoj Cai: Kev Nce Feem ntawm EAF Steelmaking Ncaj Qha Nthuav Dav Qhov Kev Xav Tau Rau Graphite Electrodes
1. Txoj Cai Hloov Peev Xwm ntawm Tuam Tshoj Raws Li Lub Hom Phiaj "Dual Carbon"
Tuam Tshoj npaj yuav nce qhov feem pua ntawm EAF kev tsim hlau los ntawm 10% tam sim no mus rau 15%-20% los ntawm xyoo 2025, txoj cai uas yuav ua rau muaj kev thov rau graphite electrodes ncaj qha. Piv txwv li, nrog rau kev kwv yees tias kev thov rau graphite electrodes hauv EAF kev tsim hlau yuav ncav cuag 860,000 tons hauv xyoo 2025, uas sawv cev rau kev nce txhua xyoo ntawm kwv yees li 10%, qhov kev thov nce ntxiv yuav nthuav dav ntxiv yog tias qhov feem pua nce mus txog 20%.
2. Kev Xav Tau Hlau Thoob Ntiaj Teb Rov Qab Los Thiab Kev Nyuaj Siab Ntawm Ib puag ncig
Kev thov hlau thoob ntiaj teb yuav rov qab los ntawm 1.2% mus rau 1.772 billion tons hauv xyoo 2025. Ua ke nrog cov qauv ib puag ncig thoob ntiaj teb xws li EU txoj kev hloov kho ciam teb carbon (CBAM), kev tsim hlau los ntawm lub cub tawg (nrog 60% -70% cov pa roj carbon ntau dua li EAFs) ntsib kev nyuaj siab ntxiv rau kev tshem tawm, ua rau kev siv EAF steelmaking dav dav ua ib qho kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb.
II. Kev Txhim Kho Txuj Ci: Cov Hluav Taws Xob Graphite Muaj Zog Siab Ua Cov Khoom Siv Tseem Ceeb Rau Kev Txhim Kho EAF Zoo
1. Cov Kev Cai Ua Haujlwm Nruj Rau Graphite Electrodes Hauv Cov Txheej Txheem EAF
Cov electrodes graphite fais fab loj heev (UHP), uas muaj qhov tsis kam tiv taus qis (≤6 μΩ·m) thiab lub zog khoov siab (≥15 MPa), yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho EAF kev ua haujlwm. Thaum lub zog arc nce ntxiv, cov txheej txheem smelting xav tau cov electrodes graphite nrog kev tiv taus oxidation zoo dua thiab kev tiv taus thermal shock, ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev thov rau cov khoom lag luam siab.
2. Kev Ua Lag Luam Ntau Ntxiv Hauv Cov Khoom Siv Zoo Tshaj Plaws
Los ntawm xyoo 2025, tus nqi ntawm UHP electrodes yuav tshaj RMB 18,000 ib tuj, nrog rau lawv cov feem ntawm kev ua lag luam nce mus txog ntau dua 60% ntawm tag nrho cov kev thov. Cov tuam txhab ua lag luam (piv txwv li, Fangda Carbon thiab Graftech) tau ruaj ntseg txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua lag luam siab los ntawm kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis, thaum cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab (SMEs) tab tom tawm vim yog kev nyuaj siab ntawm ib puag ncig thiab tus nqi, ua rau muaj kev sib sau ua ke ntawm kev lag luam ntawm cov neeg ua si saum toj kawg nkaus.
III. Cov Neeg Ua Lag Luam Xav Tau Kev Ua Lag Luam: Kev Siv Khoom Siv Ruaj Khov Hauv EAF Steelmaking Thiab Kev Nthuav Dav Mus Rau Cov Kev Lag Luam Tshiab
1. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm EAF Steelmaking siv cov khoom siv raw
Kev ua hlau EAF siv kwv yees li 1.5-2.5 kg ntawm graphite electrodes ib tuj ntawm hlau, qhia tau tias muaj kev thov ntau heev. Txawm hais tias kev siv tonnage tau txo qis los ntawm 3.5 kg mus rau 1.2 kg vim yog kev siv EAFs ntau (piv txwv li, 粗炼 hluav taws xob arc furnaces saum 100T) thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem smelting, qhov kev thov tag nrho txuas ntxiv mus nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm lub peev xwm.
2. Kev Xav Tau Ntxiv Los Ntawm Cov Kev Lag Luam Tshiab
- Kev Lag Luam Zog Tshiab: Kev tsim cov khoom siv anode roj teeb lithium-ion vam khom cov khoom graphite. Kev tsim cov khoom siv anode thoob ntiaj teb kwv yees tias yuav ncav cuag 2.625 lab tons hauv xyoo 2025, nrog rau Tuam Tshoj suav txog ntau dua 98%, tsav kev xav tau rau graphite electrode graphitization processing.
- Kev Lag Luam Semiconductor: Cov electrodes graphite uas muaj qhov tseeb siab siv rau hauv cov cub tawg siv lead ua thiab cov khoom siv etching, xav tau qib kev huv siab tshaj 99.999%. Qhov kev thov nce ntxiv rau 5G thiab AI chips ua rau muaj kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntau tshaj 15%.
- Kev Tsim Khoom Silicon thiab Daj Phosphorus Hauv Kev Lag Luam: Kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg xav tau cov electrodes uas muaj kev ruaj khov thiab siv tau ntev, qhov twg cov electrodes graphite feem ntau yog cov tseem ceeb.
IV. Cov Teeb Meem thiab Cov Lus Teb ntawm Kev Lag Luam: Kev Kho Kom Zoo Dua Thaum Muaj Kev Nyuaj Siab Txog Tus Nqi thiab Kev Txwv Ib Puag Ncig
1. Cov Nqi Khoom Siv Raw Uas Nce Siab
Thaum pib xyoo 2025, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj coke tau nce siab RMB 5,500 ib tuj hauv ib nrab lub hlis mus txog RMB 32,000 ib tuj, thaum tus nqi roj av coke uas tsis muaj sulfur ntau tshaj RMB 7,300 ib tuj, uas yog qhov nce 57% txhua xyoo. Cov tuam txhab tab tom txo cov nqi los ntawm kev tsim cov peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj coke hauv tsev (piv txwv li, los ntawm kev koom ua ke ntsug), qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm kev sib tw ntawm cov tuam txhab ua lag luam.
2. Cov Cai Ib puag ncig tsav kev txhim kho peev xwm
Kev txwv ib puag ncig hauv thaj chaw xws li Hebei thiab Henan tau ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv, thaum kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem graphitization txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm nthuav dav. Cov tuam txhab yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lub kaw lus "kev tsim khoom-rov qab-rov ua dua tshiab" kom ua raws li cov qauv ib puag ncig thoob ntiaj teb xws li EU CBAM.
Xaus Lus: Kev Siv EAF Steelmaking Ua Lub Cav Tseem Ceeb Rau Kev Loj Hlob Ntawm Graphite Electrode
Tsav los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov cai tswjfwm, kev nce qib thev naus laus zis, thiab kev thov ua lag luam, kev siv dav dav ntawm EAF steelmaking yuav txuas ntxiv mus txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm kev thov graphite electrode. Txawm hais tias muaj kev cov nyom xws li cov nqi khoom siv raw nce siab thiab kev txwv ib puag ncig, kev lag luam tab tom sib sau ua ke cov kev xav tau kev loj hlob los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab (piv txwv li, UHP electrodes), kev txawj ntse (piv txwv li, digital twin technologies), thiab kev hloov pauv ntsuab (piv txwv li, kaw-loop systems). Saib mus tom ntej, cov tuam txhab ua lag luam nrog cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntsug yuav tswj hwm thaj chaw ua lag luam, thaum kev koom tes hla kev lag luam (piv txwv li, synergistic R&D ntawm graphene roj teeb thiab electrodes) yuav ua haujlwm ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kov yeej kev loj hlob bottlenecks.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-20-2025